Ii. Physical effects of the industrial revolution INVENTIONS: In 1765, James Watt invented the first steam engine Steam engines produced more power & allowed factories to be built in cities near workers Robert Fulton’s steamboat increased the speed of water travel The greatest improvement to transportation was the steam-powered railroad

Ii. Physical effects of the industrial revolution INVENTIONS: Henry Bessemer invented a cheap process for making steel which is stronger than iron The telegraph & telephone, business machines like typewriters & cash registers, and medical improvements like vaccines

Iii. social effects of the industrial revolution Economist Adam Smith proposed the idea of laissez-faire economics (hands-off) that would encourage markets to work best without government involvement. He wrote, The Wealth of Nations.

Iii. social effects of the industrial revolution “The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community , against his will is to prevent harm to others.” - John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill believed in utilitarianism - believing that “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” should be the goal of society. Spoke against exploiting workers, and called for the vote for women and workers.

KARL MARX – GERMAN PHILOSOPHER Iii. social effects of the industrial revolution KARL MARX – GERMAN PHILOSOPHER

Iii. social effects of the industrial revolution What is Communism? An idea that a class struggle would lead to an overthrow of the class society. A classless society would mean that all production would be owned by the community. Nobody would be above anyone else, no one would be exploited, and no one would have more money than anyone else

Iii. social effects of the industrial revolution Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto – with Frederick Engels - this predicted that the ‘have-nots’ will rise up (proletariat – working class people) against the ‘haves’ (bourgeoisie – middle class) and eliminate the class system.

Iii. New ways of thinking Marxism caught on throughout the world. 1917 – Russia set up a communist government under Lenin Other countries in southeast Asia and Cuba turned Communist

Iii. New ways of thinking Industrial Revolution served to create child labor laws. Agriculture advances served to make more food for the world Natural resources were mined and used to advance society Changes in political ideology (communist vs democracy) served to create wars throughout the next 80 years

Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic & military power Conclusions: From 1700 to 1900, revolutions in agriculture, industry, transportation, & communication changed Western Europe and the United States Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic & military power Industry also had numerous negative effects on working conditions & the standard of living for urban workers Between 1700 and 1900, revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, and communication changed the lives of people in Western Europe and the United States. Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power. In contrast, the economies of Asia and Africa were still based on agriculture and small workshops. Industrialization revolutionized every aspect of society, from daily life to life expectancy. Despite the hardships early urban workers suffered, population, health, and wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries. The development of a middle class created great opportunities for education and democratic participation. Greater democratic participation, in turn, fueled a powerful movement for social reform.