Decorative art after 19th century Modernity Bauhaus (1919-1933) Ishik University Department of Interior design Fall Semester 2018-2019 Decorative art after 19th century Modernity Bauhaus (1919-1933) Shino Abdullah Mamand Shino.abdullah@ishik.edu.iq

Modern architecture Was based upon new and innovative technologies of construction particularly the use of glass, steel and reinforced concrete the idea that form should follow function; an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was gradually replaced as the principal style for institutional and corporate buildings by Postmodern architecture

Bauhaus (1919-1933)

Bauhaus The Bauhaus, named after a German word meaning "house of building", was founded in 1919 in Weimar, Germany by the architect Walter Gropius Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School,  who, along with Alvar Aalto,  Van der rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of Modernist Architecture. Gropius was also a leading architect of the International style

In 1925, school moved to Dessau for financial reason. Walter Gropius was appointed Director of the Academy of Fine Arts in Weimar. “The Bauhaus strives to combine...all the arts – sculpture, painting, applied art and visual art – as the inseparable components of a new architecture.” In 1925, school moved to Dessau for financial reason. One of the first place of the world that design is taught as it is today. At that time the German term Bauhaus  literally "house of construction", stood for "School of Building".

Walter GROPIUS and Adolf MEYER Fagus Factory, Alfed an der Leine, Germany, 1913

Second Bauhaus Dessau, Germany

The Bauhaus compound in Dessau was a purpose-built structure for the school, housing students, and providing classroom, workshop and office space. When people refer generically to the Bauhaus, this location and architecture is what they mean.

The artist and the craftsperson were viewed as equal collaborators. Every Bauhaus student was required to major in one fine art and one craft.

Just like their Soviet counterparts, Bauhaus designers wanted to contribute functional objects to the new modes of everyday life. Bauhaus Tea Infuser Designed in 1924 by Marianne Brandt, the Bauhaus tea infuser has a built-in strainer(filter), non-drip spout, and heat-resistant handle made of ebony, embracing the school's principals of combining functionality and aesthetic.

Bauhaus Lamp Probably the most iconic piece of lighting to come out of the Bauhaus, William Wagenfeld's lamp, constructed of precisely cut glass and metal, is among the first objects to emerge under the Bauhaus' technology-focused regime.

Bauhaus Nesting Tables Nothing quite says "smart" like five separate tables that fit into the footprint of one. And the use of colors with each table

Bauhaus Door Knob Arguably the most famous piece designed by Walter Gropius, the Bauhaus doorknobs geometric forms and industrial flourishes, such as exposed screws, set the tone for what the Bauhaus aesthetic was about.

Bauhaus impact on graphic design remains strong.

Bauhaus, Dessau Interior, Workshop. Bauhaus, Dessau Interior, Corridor And Stairs

Bauhaus, Dessau. Interior, Student room. Interior, Auditorium

at the looms in the textile workshop, Bauhaus

Anni ALBERS, textile design, 1926

Made for the first Bauhaus Exhibition in 1923. Drawings by Herbert Bayer in the stairway of the main building of the Bauhaus Weimar. Made for the first Bauhaus Exhibition in 1923. 

Gropius in the USA First Director of Bauhauhs After Nazi’s came to power, he fled Germany in 1934 to England was invited to Harvard Graduate School of Design in 1937, remained in USA

Mies van der rohe Director of Bauhaus (1930-1933) Barcelona Chair Designed in 1929 by future Bauhaus head Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and partner Lily Reich, the gentle, swooping lines Barcelona chair served as a precursor of what was to come with the mid-century modern furniture movement

Barcelona pavilion

Barcelona pavilion, with barcelooona chair by Mies van der Rohe

Style characteristics: simplicity of the forms, lines, shapes. regular, repetitive forms. projects which give the impression of lightness, using new materials to achieve this purpose. using  mostly aluminium, steel, chrome, plastic and glass. simple, beautiful, but at the same time inexpensive furniture. functionality of the product – a form derived from the function. using frequently concrete in constructions, including interiors. lack of ornamentation.

Examples of Bauhaus interiors