Vocabulary-Concept Review Biochemistry Chapter 6

Two units of sugar. Disaccharide

Macromolecule that serves as quick energy and is made of simple sugars. Carbohydrate

Used to test for the presence of Protein. Biuret Soluton

One unit of sugar Monosaccharide

Inorganic molecules come from Living or Nonliving things?

Macromolecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. Protein

Organic molecules come from Living or Nonliving things?

Indicator solution that is used to test for presence of starch. Iodine

Made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Carbohydrate

Characterized as having long hydrocarbon chains. Lipid

“ose” at the end of a word denotes a what? Sugar

“ase” at the end of a word denotes a what? Enzyme

Animals store carbohydrates as what? Glycogen

The exoskeleton of insects is made of a carbohydrate called what? Chitin

Plants store carbohydrates as what? Starch

What is C6H12O6 ? Glucose or Fructose

When glucose and fructose which are monosaccharides are added together, they make a disaccharide called what? Sucrose

Another name for table sugar is? Sucrose

This macromolecule is hydrophobic (water insoluble) in water. Lipid

One monomer of protein. Amino Acids

The building blocks to a lipid. Three Fatty Acids and One Glycerol

The building blocks to a nucleic acid. nucleotide

Three things that make up a nucleotide. A Phosphate Group, A Nitrogenous Base and a Simple Sugar

Nucleic acid responsible for the synthesis of protein. RNA

Fats, oils and waxes are classified as this macromolecule. Lipid

Carbohydrate found in plant cell walls that provide support. Cellulose

Carbohydrate that if eaten by animals cannot be digested. Cellulose

Many units of sugar added together. Polysaccharide

Proteins that act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes

Proteins secreted by the endocrine system that help maintain homeostasis in the body? Hormones

0 – 6.99 on the pH scale. Acid

7.1 – 14 on the pH scale. Base

2.0 on the pH scale is a strong what? Acid

All atoms have these three things in common. Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons

Two or more monomers together make what? Polymer

Solution used to test for the presence of sugar. Benedict Solution

Glucose and fructose are considered what because they have the same chemical formula but different structures. Isomers

Amino acids are held together by what type bonds in proteins. Peptide Bond

Acids release what in water? Hydrogen Ions

Bases release what in water? Hyrdoxide Ions

Large organic molecules. Macromolecule

All organic molecules possess what? Carbon in a covalent bond with hydrogen

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Organic or Inorganic?

The brown paper bag test for the presence of what macromolecule? Lipid

Sudan III and Sudan IV test for the presence of what macromolecule? Lipid

One amino acid is called what? Peptide

Two amino acids are called what? Dipeptide

Three or more amino acids are called what? Polypeptide

Sugar found in DNA? Deoxyribose

Macromolecule that function as long term energy storage and insulation? Lipid

Sugar in RNA? Ribose

Table Salt (NaCl): Organic or Inorganic?

Nucleic Acid that store genetic information and house the code to make all protein. DNA

Water (H2O): Organic or Inorganic?

Macromolecule that accounts for 50% of the dry weight of cells Protein

There are how many commonly known amino acids? 20

Six elements needed in large quantity for living things? Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur

The smallest unit of a substance. Monomer