How astronomers study space

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Presentation transcript:

How astronomers study space The Tools of Astronomy How astronomers study space

Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) Light can travel through empty space All EMR travels at the speed of light 3 x 108 m/sec Astronomers study different types of EMR

EMR continued Different types of EMR are classified according to wavelength and frequency Wavelength (λ)- distance between 2 peaks Frequency (f)- # of waves occurring per second Look at the diagram below- which color has the longest wavelength? (red) Shortest wavelength? (violet) 700 nm 400 nm

Wave basics Draw a wave with 4 cycles per second: [ ] Which wave has the shorter wavelength? Which wave has the longer wavelength?

Telescopes: Refractors Astronomers use two main types of telescopes to gather and study visible light: refractors and reflectors REFRACTORS Use at least two convex lenses to magnify an image

Telescopes: Reflectors Use large convex mirrors to magnify an image Most telescopes are reflectors

Most major observatories are located in remote, high elevation locations in order to minimize light and atmospheric interference

Radio Telescopes Used to study radio waves (not visible light) Use the same principle as radar Can be very large Satellite dishes are kind of like a radio telescope Very Large Array in New Mexico

Chandra X-Ray Observatory Unmanned satellite launched in 1999 Located outside of Earth’s atmosphere Studies X-ray emissions from supernovas, black holes, neutron stars, etc. Sagittarius A- supermassive black hole at center of Milky Way

Hubble Space Telescope Located outside of Earth’s atmosphere (about 350 miles or 589 Km above surface), so it can “see” more Orbits Earth once every 97 minutes Can detect UV, visible and infrared forms of EMR Solar-powered http://blogs.nature.com/news/thegreatbeyond/hubble.jpg

James Webb Telescope Successor to Hubble Will observe infrared light from faint and very distant objects Will be much further away from Earth (about 1.5 million km) than Hubble Launch during 2014?