Manifest Destiny

Elements of Manifest Destiny The US should expand across the continent…DESTINED to expand from the EAST to the WEST…from the Atlantic to the Pacific… EARLY EXAMPLES: Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Mountain Men War of 1812 Westward Migration Why? Religion (Mormons), wanting land, $$$$, and a new life or new start

Manifest Destiny US should expand across the continent…from the EAST to the WEST…from the Atlantic to the Pacific Lure of the West OREGON TRAIL SANTA FE TRAIL MORMON TRAIL

WESTWARD HO! Oregon Trail Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon Settlers go WEST in mass = MANIFEST DESTINY

TRAILS WEST… CONESTOGA WAGONS

MOUNTAIN MEN AND TRADERS OPENED THE TRAILS KIT CARSON AND JIM BRIDGER WERE MOUNTAIN MEN FARMERS WANT LAND MORMONS WANT FREEDOM OF RELIGION – SMITH AND YOUNG LEAD THEM TO SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH DOWNSIDE OF SETTLERS…NATIVE AMERICANS ARE THE LOSERS

Western Lands Indian Removal – Started with Jackson’s Indian Removal Act (1830)– moving Indians West (Trail of Tears) Continued with moving Native Americans to reservations Laramie Treaty, 1851- Tribal lands were set aside…Safe passage for setters and $$ and supplies for the Indians…broken as by settlers moving onto tribal lands NOT A GOOD SIGN FOR THE NATIVE AMERICANS!

Mormons Christian religious group founded in 1820s by Joseph Smith during the 2nd Great Awakening (Latter Day Saint Movement) Smith was killed by a mob Did not like his beliefs…such as the Additional Doctrine (Book of Mormon) shown to him by angels in a vision…and the belief in polygamy (disallowed by the end of the 1800s) WESTWARD HO! Brigham Young led the Mormons west in 1847…Salt Lake City, UTAH

FARMING IN THE MIDWEST… GOVERNMENT OWNED LAND NEW INVENTIONS… JOHN DEERE = STEEL PLOW CYRUS MCCORMICK=MECHANICAL REAPER

Texas Immigrants from U.S. moved into Mexican Texas – Mexicans worry that they are taking over… Must…Speak Spanish, Become Catholic, No slaves, and no new immigrants Stephen F. Austin led the settlers and then the revolt with the help of Sam Houston

Texas Why Rebellion? 1) Too many Texans 2) Speak Spanish/Become Catholic 3) pay taxes on American goods 4) No new immigrants 4) No slaves First Battle (1835)… Gonzales…the Texans scared them off… Sam Houston leads the Texans Battle of the Alamo and Goliad, 1836…Texans Massacred BUT DON’T WORRY THEY COME BACK AND WIN… Texans defeat Mexican Santa Anna at San Jacinto… independent

The Lone Star Republic 1836 First President = Sam Houston ISSUE OF SLAVERY SLOWS THE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS BY THE US…

JAMES K. POLK THE EXPANSIONIST “54-40 or Fight” – Oregon James K. Polk’s campaign slogan…set the compromise for Oregon at the 49th parallel by 1848… US vs. Britain MANIFEST DESTINY!!!!

Mexican War…1846-1848 Andrew Jackson would not do it but James K. Polk would…Texas finally annexed in 1845 (Issue of slavery slowed expansion…) Border dispute arises with Mexico – Rio Grande v. Nueces…President Polk sends troops - border skirmish/blood spilt…MEXICAN WAR General Zachary Taylor – to the Rio Grande and attack from the North General Winfield Scott – by boat/Gulf of Mexico to Mexico City, attacking from the South Kearny and Fremont – to California (Bear Flag Revolt)

Mexican War Mexico defeated (Rio Grande and don’t forget that the people of California were waiting for the US Army…Bear Flag Revolt…) TREATY of GUADALUPE HIDALGO…Mexican Cession of lands in the west 1848 California, Nevada, NM, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming

Mexican War Cartoon – Zachary Taylor (he took troops across the Rio Grande to attack Mexico from the North…War Hero…sitting on the dead from the Mexican War…He later becomes President

California Gold Rush 1849 Sutter’s Mill Gold is found (1848) Settlers to the MAX!!!!

MANIFEST DESTINY IS COMPLETE WITH THE GADSDEN PURCHASE (Southerners in Congress were hoping for a railroad would be built here…) *US paid Mexico $10 million