Evolution and transmission in HIV

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance

Advertisements

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Anna Maria Geretti UCL Medical School & Royal Free Hampstead Medical School, London.

Applications of HGP Genetic testing Forensics. Testing for a pathogenic mutation in a certain gene in an individual that indicate a persons risk of developing.

Evoluzione genetica di HIV ed evoluzione clinica della malattia AIDS: due aspetti correlati? Carlo Federico Perno.

Epistatic effect and positive selection in the HIV-1 vif gene are linked with APOBEC3G/F neutralization activity Élcio Leal 1, Shiori Yabe 3, Hirohisa.

Summer Bioinformatics Workshop 2008 Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetics Chi-Cheng Lin, Ph.D., Professor Department of Computer Science Winona State.

Molecular Clock I. Evolutionary rate Xuhua Xia

Bioe 109 Evolution Summer 2009 Lecture 1: Part II Evolution in action: the HIV virus.

HIV/AIDS as a Microcosm for the Study of Evolution.

Genetic Mutations Recombinant DNA Viruses Chapter 22 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis.

Lecture: HIV I.Motivation What can we learn when we apply evolutionary principles to our understanding of the of the HIV epidemic?? Can we use HIV to introduce.

Virus Evolution Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections Jen-Ren Wang, Ph. D. 王貞仁 Dept. of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology National Cheng.

Materials and Methods Abstract Conclusions Introduction 1. Korber B, et al. Br Med Bull 2001; 58: Rambaut A, et al. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2004; 5:

An Introduction to the HIV Problem Space Oakwood University: Faculty Quantitative Institute Aug. 10–12, 2009.

Biology and natural history of the virus

Analysis of HIV Evolution Bobak Seddighzadeh and Kristoffer Chin Department of Biology Loyola Marymount University Bio February 23, 2010.

HIV-1 evolution in response to immune selection pressures

The evolution of HIV Why is HIV fatal?. Lethal strains are favored, due to “Short sighted” evolution within hosts Transmission rate advantages.

Chapter 26: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Objectives 1.Identify how phylogenies show evolutionary relationships. 2.Phylogenies are inferred based homologies.

Summary Slide Presentation Are subtype differences important in HIV drug resistance? Lessells RJ, Katzenstein DK, de Oliveira T. Are subtype differences.

Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 Gag cleavage sites polymorphism in HIV acutely infected patients Castro E 1,2, Cavassini M 1, Bart PA 2 and Pantaleo G 2.

Ethical issues in research methods: DOs & DON’Ts The Group 2 M. Holm, F. Postma, S. Reddy Vanga, J. Martijn, H. Agic.

Evolution of influenza A Rachel Albert Craig Bland Evolution of influenza A.

Evolution and Human Health. I.Motivation Evolutionary principles can contribute to understanding of origin and treatment of human disease Evolutionary.

PHYLOGENETICS CONTINUED TESTS BY TUESDAY BECAUSE SOME PROBLEMS WITH SCANTRONS.

Lesson 7-3 What are Viruses?

Introduction to Bioinformatics.

Mechanisms of Evolution 16.1 Causes of microevolution.

How Does Antiretroviral Therapy Affect HIV Mutation and Vice Versa? Arlin Toro Devin Iimoto Devin Iimoto.

Chapter 24: Molecular and Genomic Evolution CHAPTER 24 Molecular and Genomic Evolution.

Evolution and Human Health – Chapter 14 - Flu virus evolution - Antibiotic resistance - Cancer as set of evolving population - Adaptative reasoning and.

Topics of AP Biology Adapted from The College Board,

Analysis of Recombination in the HIV-1pol Gene Richard Myers Division of Infection and Immunity University College London.

Examining the Genetic Similarity and Difference of the Three Progressor Groups at the First and Middle Visits Nicole Anguiano BIOL398: Bioinformatics Laboratory.

SC.912.L Mutations 2. Genetic Recombination (sexual reproduction)

MUTATIONS. Mutations are heritable changes in genetic information Only mutation in the GAMETES can be passed on from generation to generation There can.

Lecture 13 Immunology and disease: parasite antigenic diversity.

Human survivorship Developed Developing Bob May (2007), TREE 22:

Evolution and transmission in HIV Steve Paterson Review; Rambaut 2004 Nature Reviews Genetics 5: ‘The causes and consequences of HIV evolution’

Examining Genetic Similarity and Difference of the Three Progressor Groups at the First and Middle Visits Nicole Anguiano BIOL398: Bioinformatics Laboratory.

Viral evolution and adaption

Molecular coevolution Steve Paterson. Host-parasite interactions Drive diversity within species Drive divergence between species.

Human survivorship Developed Developing Bob May (2007), TREE 22:

Chapter 16 Viruses Masks: ©Yuriy Dyachyshyn/AFP/Getty Images Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without.

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960

Basics of HIV Virus Vijay Kandula, MD MPH AAHIVS

Session 3: Molecular Epidemiology Introduction

Bioinformatics Overview

Virus Evolution.

Evolution is the unifying concept of biology

Data analyses Course code: ZOO560 Week 3

HIV susceptibility and CCR5

Society of Systematic Biologists

Influenza Virus: Evolution in real time

The HIV Genome Is A Busy Place

DNA Marker Lecture 10 BY Ms. Shumaila Azam

Immunology and disease: parasite antigenic diversity

Fig. 7. Intrapatient variation in key contact signatures for PGDM1400 and PGT121. Intrapatient variation in key contact signatures for PGDM1400 and PGT121.

Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, MD, PhD Clinics in Liver Disease

Big Questions: What is a virus? How does a virus function?

T. M. Walker, M. Merker, T. A. Kohl, D. W. Crook, S. Niemann, T. E. A

Predicting the Onset of AIDS

A. Papa, K. Dumaidi, F. Franzidou, A. Antoniadis

Epstein–Barr virus BZLF1 gene polymorphisms: malignancy related or geographically distributed variants? M.A. Lorenzetti, M. Gantuz, J. Altcheh, E. De.

Aim What happens when a bacteria or virus mutates?

M.W. Borgdorff, D. van Soolingen Clinical Microbiology and Infection

New developments in laboratory monitoring of HIV-1 infection

Parallel evolution of influenza across multiple spatiotemporal scales

Phylogenetic analysis of AquK2P.

Phylogenetic trees for fusion (F) and attachment (G) genes of selected HMPV isolates. Phylogenetic trees for fusion (F) and attachment (G) genes of selected.

Presentation transcript:

Evolution and transmission in HIV Steve Paterson Review; Rambaut 2004 Nature Reviews Genetics 5: 52-61 ‘The causes and consequences of HIV evolution’

Use phylogenies to follow infection HIV is an RNA virus, with a high mutation rate mutates over course of infection

HIV

HIV Gag gene polymorphism

Phylogenetic tree should mirror contact structure of infection

Molecular epidemiology of HIV in Edinburgh HIV mutates as passes from one individual to next Use substitutions to build phylogenies and track pattern of infection

HIV phylogeny Holmes et al (1994) J. Inf. Diseases 171:45-53

Oliveira et al (2006) Nature. 444, 836-837

Origins of HIV HIV-2 HIV-1 Rambaut 2004 Nature Reviews Genetics 5: 52-61

Origins of HIV-1

Within host evolution of HIV high rate of mutation (0.2 errors/genome) high rate of replication (gen. time = 2.5 days, 1010 - 1012 virions/day) natural selection immune selection genetic drift

Genetic diversity of HIV Rambaut (2004) Nature Reviews Genetics 5, 52-61

Evolution of drug resistance in HIV

env gene Long-lived Short-lived CTL escape blue sites = +ve seln. Ross (2002) J. Virol. 76 : 11715-20 Immune pressure, effective at driving amino-acid change in long-lived patients?