Inhibition of experimental neointimal hyperplasia by recombinant human thrombomodulin coated ePTFE stent grafts Geoffrey Wong, MD, Jian-ming Li, MD, Gregory Hendricks, PhD, Mohammad H. Eslami, MD, Michael J. Rohrer, MD, Bruce S. Cutler, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 47, Issue 3, Pages 608-615 (March 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025 Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 Angiographic digital images of the left carotid artery. A, Digital subtraction image of the balloon injury site 2 weeks after angioplasty, prior to stent graft deployment. B and C, Unsubstracted images of a 6 × 25 mm ePTFE covered stent graft deployed in the left common carotid artery at the balloon-injured site. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 47, 608-615DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig 2 SEM and back scatter electron emission image (BSI). A, SEM of normal ePTFE. B, SEM of rTM molecules bound to ePTFE. C, BSI demonstrates silver tagged rTM molecules (white particles); D, X-ray microanalysis shows the presence of Ag bonded rTM molecules. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 47, 608-615DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig 3 Optical density of activated protein C. The functional presence of rTM on the luminal surface of the rTM coated stent graft and the whole rTM coated stent graft was evaluated with activated protein C. The whole structure of rTM-coated stent graft expressed significantly more activated protein C than the luminal surface alone. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 47, 608-615DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig 4 Gross photographs of the luminal surface of ePTFE covered stent grafts explanted at 4 weeks. A, The rTM-coated ePTFE stent graft is covered with a smooth, glistening white thin layer with minimal surface deposition. B, The uncoated ePTFE stent graft is covered with an irregular thick yellow-brown layer with scattered blood clots. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 47, 608-615DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig 5 Light microscopic images of a representative transverse section of uncoated and rTM-coated ePTFE stent graft 4 weeks after deployment in the left carotid artery. Uncoated ePTFE covered stent graft. A, Proximal. B, Middle. C, Distal. rTM-coated ePTFE covered stent graft. D, Proximal. E, Middle. F, Distal. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 47, 608-615DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig 6 Neointima area (A) and intima to media (I/M) ratio (B) of rTM coated and uncoated stent grafts. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 47, 608-615DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions
Fig 7 Luminal area of the rTM-coated and uncoated ePTFE stent grafts. The mean luminal area of each segment of the rTM-coated stent graft was larger in each segment compared with uncoated stent graft with an overall luminal area difference of 1.176 mm2 (P < .05). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 47, 608-615DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.025) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions