8.2 – NOTES Single Replacement

1. Single replacement reactions. For these we use the Activity Series - Atoms of a single element replace atoms of another element in a compound

Metal replacing a metal. One metal will not always replace another metal based on the reactivity of the metal the most active metals are at the top of the list a specific metal can replace any metal below it; NR = no reaction; reverse a reaction  NR very useful in metallurgical processes; metals are solid at room temperature w/ exception of Hg

Metal replacing hydrogen in an acid many metals will replace all of the H+ in an acid reactions used to prepare H2 gas in the lab; acids are aqueous

Metal replacing hydrogen in water all alkali metals and some alkaline earth (group I and heavy group II) will replace one hydrogen in water Mg react with water if it is steam; Ca + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2 ; H2 is a gas when it is liberated Example: Na + H2O  NaOH + H2

Nonmetal replacing a nonmetal – halogens only similar to metal replacing a metal more reactive halogen will replace less reactive halogen; F2, Cl2 are gases at room temperature, Br2 is a liquid; I2 is a solid;