Good morning! Pick up the yellow paper from the stool if you did not get one yesterday 

Population Geography: Key Issue 1: Where is the world’s population distributed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pnmZalx9YY

So what is population geography?? Spatial aspects of demography Demography (study of population) Overpopulation Population distribution Population density (arithmetic/physiological) Rates of natural increase (excess of births OVER deaths—omitting migration) Growth rate (natural increase + net migration)

3 important things More people than ever before World population has increased at a faster rate after 1950’s than ever before AND almost all population growth is concentrated in less developed countries (LDC’s)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0

Population Shift

Why Study Population? Problem: TOO MANY _____________ As the proportion of older people in a country increases, the proportion of younger people decreases. % of older people in the U.S. has increased by 1.9% in last 5 years. % under 5 years old has decreased by .3% in last 5 years Why is this a PROBLEM? Fewer young workers; paying for more pensions and medical expensive (aging population)…social security? Problem: TOO MANY ______________ Almost 4.5 billion live in cities (especially ___________) China has 83 cities with more than 750,000 people Why is this a problem?

Where are all the kids?? Travel to Europe, ________, or Canada and you will notice there are very few kids What causes this phenomena? Women in wealthier countries having few children…why? Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has dropped below 2.1. What does the TFR need to be for population to remain stable? TFR is the avg. # of children born to a woman of child-bearing age Highest TFR ever recorded __________ Lowest TFR ever recorded ___________ CURRENT HIGH TFR—Niger (7.6) CURRENT LOW TFR—Bosnia-Herzegovena (1.2) America TFR at all time LOW (1.86) Why is having too few children a problem?

Overpopulation When consumption of natural resources by people outstrip the ability of a natural region to replace those natural resources.

United States and TFR

Density Number of people occupying an area of land Helps geographers to describe the distribution of people comparison to available resources Arithmetic and physiological

Arithmetic Density – the total number of people per a unit of land area. (total # of people / total land area) AKA population density U.S. 300 million people / 3.7 million square miles = about 80 people per square mile Physiological Density – the total number of people per a unit of arable (farmable) land. (U.S. 445 persons per square mile

Choropleth Map

Demography The study of human populations, particularly the size, distribution, and characteristics of members of population groups

Population Growth 0 AD 250 million 1803 AD 1 billion

Population J Curve Population growth in 2016 (+ 52 million)

The World and the Top 10 World Population as of TODAY, 1/16/19

World Population as of TODAY 1/15/19 7,677,322,464 China 1.41 billion India 1.36 billion United States 328 million Indonesia 268 million Brazil 211 million Pakistan 202 million Nigeria 198 million Bangladesh 167 million Russia 143 million Mexico 131 million Just out of Top 10-Japan 127 million

World and Country Population Totals Distribution and Structure: 3/4 of people live on 5% of earth's surface! Total: 7.6 billion on planet as of January 2019 Current Population counter: http://www.worldometers.info/

Population Distribution Descriptions of locations on the earth’s surface where individuals or groups of people live

I love cartograms so much

World Population Clusters 2/3 of world’s population are concentrated in 4 regions _____________ (East China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan) ¼ of world population lives here South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) Bound by Himalayas and a desert & religion is a barrier to migration) __________ (mostly West) Population is concentrated in CITIES North America Megalopolis (Bos-Wash)

The “inhabited world!” Ecumene Ecumene, or portion of the earth’s surface that has permanent human settlement has expanded to cover most of the earth’s land area. Expansion of the Ecumene 5000 BC - AD 1900

Dependency Ratio A country wants a balance between young, working, and elderly populations… this is called the dependency ratio (the young and elderly are DEPENDENT on the rest of the population. Most of the population should be in the “working years.” “World Aging at Super Speed”: http://money.cnn.com/2014/08/21/news/economy/aging-countries-moodys/index.html?sr=fb082214superaged3pVODtopPhoto