The Impact of Indonesia’s Decentralization on Education Sector: A Case Study of Lampung Province and Bandar Lampung Municipality By Dendy Mashuri 200625008

The new order government based on law no. 5/1974 Central Government Provinces Municipals/Districts Law No. 5/1974

Framework of Government According to Law No.22/1999 Central Government DPRD/House of Representative DPRD Province DPRD Municipal DPRD District Province Municipal District DPRD Choose the Governor Major Reagent Report the responsibility Decentralization Deconcentration Assistance Framework of Government According to Law No.22/1999

Framework of Government According to Law No.32/2004 Central Government DPRD/House of Representative DPRD Province DPRD Municipal DPRD District Province As central Representative District Municipal People Elect for Governor Mayor Reagent Corporate as a partner Decentralization Deconcentration Assistance Framework of Government According to Law No.32/2004

Anatomically, the government affairs divided by two aspects: Absolute Affairs (Central Government; National Monetary, Foreign Policy, Defense, Security, Religious and Judicial) Concurrent Affairs: Externality, Accountability, Efficiency (The affair that can be handling together by province, municipal/district and central)-----

Supply and Demand on Education Sector Decentralization Law No.22/1999 Regional Administration Supply Demand Learning Achievement Local Context: Local government 1. Public Spending & Program Policy 2. Local Content Curriculum 3. Competency Based Curriculum 4. School Operational Assistance The Perception of Local People Supply Demand Supply and Demand on Education Sector (Sources: Adapted by the Author from Filmer 2003)

MoRA MoE Provincial Government Local Government Public School Madrasah Ministry of Religion Affairs MoE Ministry of Education Central Government Bappenas National Planning Board DAU & DAK: General Allocation Fund & Specific Allocation Fund Provincial Government DAU & DAK The Operational Grant Fund National Budget/ School Operational Assistance/BOS National Budget/ School Operational Assistance/BOS Local Government Public School Post-Decentralization Multiple Flows (Source: Adapted from Kaiser 2004 in World Bank 2004) Madrasah Islamic School

International Comparisons of Education Expenditures (Sources: Edstats and the World Bank 2007: 11) [1]

Allocation Fund for Education Sector in Lampung Province Rp.42,171,704,065 Rp.38,378,674,286 Rp.33,450,660,000 Rp.28,917,306,625 Rp.22,360,000,000 Rp.11,194,800,000 Rp.6,561,000,000 Rp.10,918,600,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Allocation Fund for Education Sector in Lampung Province (Source: Compiled by Author based on APBD Lampung Province 1999-2006)

Bandar Lampung Municipality Rp.219,990,700,000 Rp.169,449,900,000 Rp.182,426,300,000 Rp.8,004,500,000 Rp.6,848,100,000 Rp.1,344,700,000 Rp.6,216,500,000 Rp.1,776,900,000 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Allocation Fund for Education Sector in Bandar Lampung Municipality

Survey result whether the spending money on education sector in Lampung Province has already enough

Survey result whether spending money on education sector from Bandar Lampung Municipality sector has enough

Survey result whether education sector under decentralization is better than before decentralization

Survey result whether Local Content Curriculum improve the student quality

Survey result whether Competency-Based Curriculum improve the quality of student

Survey result whether the SOA improve the quality of student

Survey result whether the SOA has given to right people

Survey result whether SOA should be handled by local government

Conclusion The survey results reveal that the Indonesia’s decentralization on education sector in Lampung Province gave significant impacts such as: 1st. On financial budgeting: the education sector after three year lack of funding finally local regions can increase their expenditure on educational sector. And 2nd. on education program, the policy such as local content, CBC and SOA beneficiary to local people/student, and so far well mobilized towards the development.