Prepared and presented HEAD, RELIABILITY AND TESTING LABORATORY IAEA VIENNA GNSSN WORKSHOP ON NATIONAL REGULATORY PORTALS ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Prepared and presented by  Author : Dr. Gheorghe VIERU, INR PITESTI, ROMANIA HEAD, RELIABILITY AND TESTING LABORATORY  Co-author: Dr. Lucian BIRO, Expert CNCAN, ROMANIA The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK OUTLINES Background Introduction Romanian Nuclear Security and Safety Framework International Regulatory Co-operation and the Role of Different International Organizations The sharing of Knowledge and information on Safety and Security Framework The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Background 1. According to the IAEA, the Global Nuclear Safety and Security Network–GNSSN is the global framework for achieving and maintaining worldwide a high level of safety and security at nuclear facilities and activities 2. Romania ratified the Convention on Nuclear Safety and CNCAN – National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) has been designated by the Romanian Government to take primary responsibility for the implementation of Romania’s obligation under the Convention The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK 1. Introduction   The IAEA defines nuclear security as “the means and ways of preventing, detecting and responding to sabotage, theft and unauthorized access to or illegal transfer of nuclear material and other radioactive substances, as well as their associated facilities”. The IAEA works closely with Member States (MS) to establish and enhance the measures needed to control and protect nuclear and radioactive materials, as well as to prevent illicit nuclear materials trafficking. Romanian national efforts on Security and Safety Framework are augmented by Regulatory Authority (National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control-CNCAN) and other institution. International Cooperation played an important role in capacity building of Romanian Regulatory Body and providing necessary assistance in performing regulatory activities or support in development of Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Security Framework. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

2. Romanian Nuclear Security and Safety Framework ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK 2. Romanian Nuclear Security and Safety Framework   In Romania, the Networking is consequently recognized as a very efficient tool for enhancing the sharing of knowledge and experience which can play an essential role for prevention of possible accidents and malicious acts, and, much more, for the implementation of appropriate safety and security measures, when appropriate, to be applied. A diagram of the Components of the State Nuclear Security framework in shown in Figure 1 and in Figure 2 is shown the main RAM transportation routes I Romania: The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Figure no. 1- A diagram of the Components of the State Nuclear Security Framework in Romania The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Figure 2 – The main RAM transportation routes in Romania The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Among those components belonging to the entire Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities (as shown in Figure 1) there are: CANDU NPP Cernavoda, uranium mines and uranium processing plant, radioactive sources, National Repository for Radwaste-low level, TRIGA research reactor. The risk assessment associated with the nuclear fuel cycle facilities, analysis of state infrastructure, vulnerability assessment of such nuclear facilities including transportation of RAM (Radioactive Material) considering different modes of RAM transport in terms of potential radiological consequences, quantity and type of RAM should be taken into consideration as important database to provide regulatory bodies a prompt access to the latest developments in their area of interest. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK 3. International Regulatory Co-operation and the Role of Different International Organizations The Regulators should consider continue working together in order to harmonize requirements and approaches between different countries. Also, global and regional network should be established and maintained, where possible, to include regulators, operating organizations, vendors and other stakeholders. Networking has to be considered and understood as an important tool for facilitating the transition from dependence to self-sufficiency and sustainability. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Romania as a Member State (MS) and once expanding nuclear national programme became concerned that is essential to ensure an independent, effective and efficient nuclear regulatory system vs. new challenges within the nuclear security framework field. In Romania, the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN) is the national competent authority (CA) having attribution of regulation, authorization and control as well as full responsibilities for a safe operation and security of nuclear facilities- radiological and nuclear installations. With limited human resources, CNCAN is in the position to have its own Technical Support Organization. In support of capacity building and achievement of regulatory effectiveness, commensurate with national nuclear power programme, in the period of 2002 to 2009, CNCAN made an extensive use of external assistance provided either through IAEA TC Programme, external consultancy companies financed by European Commission–EC under the PHARE Project or international cooperation established between CNCAN and other regulatory authorities The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Regulatory Body The National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control-CNCAN is designated as a body of regulation, licensing and control of all nuclear activities and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. In 1996 is issued the Law no. 111 regarding the assurance of the Safety of nuclear activities. This Law was updated and republished in 2006. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK   Figure 3: Structure of the Regulatory and Policy Branch of CNCAN (as presented in 2011 on the official web site – www.cncan.ro) The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK   The function of the Regulators include, among others, Assessing applications for licensing against accepted standards for radiation protection and nuclear safety; Monitoring compliance including undertaking inspections of licensed nuclear activities to conform compliances with legislative requirements; Investigating incidents; Taking any enforcement actions required that are necessary to ensure regulatory compliance in radiation protection and nuclear safety, safety of people and protection of the environment; Development of national codes and standards to promote national uniformity; Management of statutory advisory council and committees and; Formulating regulatory guidance documents for consideration and publishing. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

CNCAN Safety Policies: ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK CNCAN Safety Policies:   Places the protection of human health and safety and the environment as its highest priority; Promote a positive safety culture and environmental awareness; Strives for continuous improvement in safe work practices using a blame-free learning approach; Protects the environment Human Resources – CNCAN currently has 103 staff (except the President) In addition, CNCAN has several other policies to support a positive safety culture including risk management and quality policies The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

Role of IAEA TC Programme in support of CNCAN capacity building ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Role of IAEA TC Programme in support of CNCAN capacity building The Cooperation between Romania and IAEA were stipulated in Country Programme Nuclear Framework, priorities being identified as follows:   The regulatory infrastructure; The radiological protection and health; The management of RADWASTE and Spent Nuclear Fuel; The nuclear Safety and Security and Fuel Performance of CANDU NPP Cernavoda; The Research development activity as support of the National Nuclear Programme. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK The IAEA support in regulatory activities consists of:   Involvement of CNCAN staff in regional training courses and workshops; Organizing national training courses and workshops in Romania; IAEA expert mission in support of Romanian Regulatory activities for the assessment of deterministic and probabilistic analysis; Supporting scientific visits and fellowship for CNCAN staff organized in IAEA MS; Organizing expert mission for assistance in regulatory framework development; Organizing IRRT, IRRS missions for assessment of Romanian Regulatory Effectiveness The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Other technical and scientific support from IAEA Vienna   IAEA Vienna awards to the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) Pitesti, Romania as TSO, several scientific research contracts and research agreements, on nuclear security framework (regime), such as: “Approach of Safety-Risk assessment associated with the transport of low activity radioactive waste to the disposal center, in Romania”; “Risk and Safety Evaluation in The transportation and disposal of Naturally Occurring Materials-uranium ore and uranium waste in Romania”/2007, contract no. 14120 “ “Romanian Contribution to the Development of Methodology for Risk Assessment and State Management of Nuclear Security Regime (Risk and Radiological Consequence)/2010, contract no. 15854 “ “Participation at the IAEA International Training Course on the Security in Transport of Radioactive Material for Training Team Leaders/2010” The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK The support of the European Commission for further development of CNCAN capacity building.   Over the years, European Commission gave a special attention to the strengthening of independence, resources and capabilities of the Romanian Nuclear Safety Authority. EC support was provided in the framework of PHARE Programme for Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority, CNCAN was the beneficiary of several projects, such as: Support in transfer of Western European Methodology to the Nuclear Safety Authority of Romania; Support in Nuclear Safety Regulatory Regime Consolidation; Support to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority-CNCAN in the licensing review activities of Fire Protection, Overpressure Protection of Reactor Primary Circuit and Main Steam Line Design Safety Issues in Cernavoda 1 NPP; Support in improvement of Romanian Regulatory Emergency Response Center; Support in setting up a licensing process in Romania based on Periodic Safety Review of NPP’s The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Bilateral Agreements in Supporting Development of Regulatory Systems in countries developing nuclear power programme   An important role in providing initial support in setting up the Regulatory Framework and Regulatory Capacity Building has to be given to bilateral agreements between Regulatory Authorities (RA) from countries having a small or developed programme on Nuclear Power Programme and Regulatory Authorities from country of NPP’s origin since Romanian Government decided to build the NPP based on Canadian Technology. The bilateral agreement between Romanian and Canadian Regulatory Authorities was one of the main pillars in setting up the initial Regulatory System in Romania. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK The sharing of Knowledge and information on Safety and Security Framework   CNCAN took systematic actions, since very beginning, in order to achieve its objectives and fulfillment the IAEA’s and EC’s recommendations. At the international level, CNCAN received a positive image with regard to development of Regulation. Licensing process and regulatory control of nuclear installations in Romania. Related to the National Strategy for Nuclear Safety in Romania, CNCAN took further actions in order to develop and maintain the sharing of knowledge in Romania, to setup a National/Regional Training Center in Romania and continuous international support cooperation The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011

ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE ON KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY FRAMEWORK Conclusions International Cooperation between Romanian Regulatory Authority and the IAEA/EC/RB’s (Regulatory Bodies-RB) had a major contribution in development of a National Nuclear Regulatory Portal, the CNCAN capacity building and in increase of Regulatory Effectiveness and efficiencies. Therefore, Romanian Regulatory Authority and other institutions dealing with research on nuclear field, are putting a strong accent on strengthening and promoting international cooperation through IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme, MoU’s between Regulatory Bodies (RB), as one of the main key elements in supporting National Nuclear Information Resources and Network, National Nuclear Regulatory Portals (NNRP) in GNSSN, capacity building of Regulatory Authorities in countries having small or embarking on nuclear power programme. Building network between training centers and research facilities and establishments of regional training centers represent one of the future viable options in preserving knowledge in nuclear field as IAEA Vienna recommends. The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop The IAEA’s at GNSSN Workshop, BONN, GERMANY, JULY 4 to 6, 2011