Early Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Failure Due to Fusion of the Cusps Natalie Glaser, MD, Jan Liska, MD, PhD, Jan Hultman, MD, PhD, Peter Svenarud, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 96, Issue 2, Pages 699-701 (August 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.061 Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrating (A–C) two-dimensional images and (D) a three-dimensional image of the malfunctioning bioprosthesis. A and B are similar to a midesophageal two-chamber view (ME 2CH) and four-chamber view (ME 4CH), respectively; C is similar to a basal transgastric short-axis (TG SAX) view; and D is the result of computing all the information of the area of interest during diastole. Note that the cusps are not fully opened, causing a stenosis of the valve. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2013 96, 699-701DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.061) Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 2 Fusion of the cusps and a subsequent diminished central opening area are shown in the explanted bioprosthesis. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2013 96, 699-701DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.11.061) Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions