Stem Cells in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections: Potential Contributors to Aortic Repair Ying H. Shen, MD, PhD, Xiaoqing Hu, MD, Sili Zou, MD,

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Stem Cells in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections: Potential Contributors to Aortic Repair Ying H. Shen, MD, PhD, Xiaoqing Hu, MD, Sili Zou, MD, Darrell Wu, MD, Joseph S. Coselli, MD, Scott A. LeMaire, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 93, Issue 5, Pages 1524-1533 (May 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063 Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 (A) Representative images (magnification, ×400) of STRO-1+ cells detected by immunohistochemical staining in the medial and adventitial layers of control aortic, thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), and thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) tissues. The mean densities of STRO-1+ cells in the (B) media and (C) adventitia were compared in the three groups. The relative distribution of STRO-1+ cells in the media and adventitia was compared in (D) TAA and (E) TAD tissues. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1524-1533DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 (A) Representative images (magnification, ×400) of c-kit+ cells detected by immunohistochemical staining in the medial and adventitial layers of control aortic, thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), and thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) tissues. The mean densities of c-kit+ cells in the (B) media and (C) adventitia were compared in the three groups. The relative distribution of c-kit+ cells in the media and adventitia was compared in (D) TAA and (E) TAD tissues. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1524-1533DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 (A) Representative images (magnification, ×400) of CD34+ cells detected by immunohistochemical staining in the medial and adventitial layers of control aortic, thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), and thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) tissues. The mean densities of CD34+ cells in the (B) media and (C) adventitia were compared in the three groups. The relative distribution of CD34+ cells in the media and adventitia was compared in (D) TAA and (E) TAD tissues. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1524-1533DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Representative images (magnification, ×400) after double immunofluorescence staining showing the colocalization of the smooth muscle cell marker SM22-α with (A) STRO-1, (B) c-kit, or (C) CD34 in the medial layer of thoracic aortic aneurysm tissue. Nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1524-1533DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Representative images (magnification, ×400) after double immunofluorescence staining showing the colocalization of the fibroblast marker FSP-1 with (A) STRO-1, (B) c-kit, or (C) CD34 in the adventitial layer of thoracic aortic aneurysm tissue. Nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1524-1533DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Representative images (magnification, ×400) of double immunofluorescence staining showing the colocalization of the macrophage marker CD68 with STRO-1 in the media and adventitia of thoracic aortic aneurysm tissue. Nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2012 93, 1524-1533DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.063) Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions