Minerals

Rocks

Plate Tectonics

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Energy Resources, Weathering and Soil Formation

Minerals Rocks Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Volcanoes Energy, Weathering & Soil $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500

A naturally formed, inorganic solid with a definite internal geometric structure is called a . mineral

A substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically joined, or bonded together, is called a . compound

A material’s is defined as its mass divided by its volume. density

Minerals that contain a combination of silicon and oxygen are called Minerals that contain a combination of silicon and oxygen are called minerals. silicate

Minerals that do NOT contain a combination of silicon and oxygen are called minerals. nonsilicates

is a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals. rock

The is the process by which one rock type changes into another. Rock cycle

When magma cools beneath the Earth’s surface, the resulting rock is called igneous rock. intrusive

metamorphic rock does not appear to have any regular patterns or banding. Nonfoliated

sedimentary rock forms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock. chemical

The outermost layer of the Earth is called the . crust

The center of the Earth is called the . Core

The lithosphere is divided into pieces called . Tectonic plates

is the process by which new oceanic lithosphere is created as older materials are pushed away. Sea-floor spreading

is the theory that continents can drift apart from one another an d have done so in the past. Continental drift theory

The study of earthquakes is called . Seismology

The scientist who study earthquakes are called . seismologists

waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth. Seismic

waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth’s interior. Body

waves are seismic waves that travel along the outside of the Earth. surface

A results when an empty magma chamber collapses. Caldera

Volcanoes made from alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material are called . Composite

is molten rock found deep within the Earth. magma

The Hawaiian islands are what type of volcanoes? Shield volcanoes

Daily Double!!

Magma rises through tubes in the Earth’s crust called . vents

Some energy resources, called Some energy resources, called , either cannot be replaced after they are used or can be replaced only over thousands or millions of years. Nonrenewable resources

The breakdown of rock by plants and animals is an example of The breakdown of rock by plants and animals is an example of weathering. Mechanical

Of the four soil horizons, which layer would gardeners most like use in order to grow nutrient rich vegetables? Horizon O (topsoil)

energy is caused by the heat that emanates from inside the Earth. geothermal

is the process by which wind and water transport soil and sediment from one location to another. erosion

Briefly explain why the ash from a volcanic eruption can be hazardous. Volcanic ash is hazardous to airplanes. The tiny rock particles can shut down its engines and cause it to crash. Volcanic ash is hazardous to humans if they breath it. The tiny shards of glass in the ash will cut up your lungs.

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