UNIT I: LESSON #5 V. Industrialization in the Victorian Age: Czar Nicholas II has his foreign minister proclaim to the rest of Europe. “Let’s stop the arms race, labor and capital are being diverted to building terrible engines of destruction.” 1898 John A. Hobson, Imperialism: A Study, 1902. “Imperialism is a direct consequence of the modern industrial economy.” Jules Ferry (French Socialist) “To stop or abstain from Imperialism will immediately begin a country’s economic decline.” 1885 Industrialism in Europe and the U.S. causes competition for consumer markets and raw materials for expanding economies. 1. Economic Wealth 2. National Status 3. Political Power

UNIT I: LESSON #5 V. Industrialization in the Victorian Age: (cont’d) E. Things built in Europe or the USA were sent to Asia and Africa and in return came oil, tin, natural rubber, and other resources for the western industrial machine. F. Germany was attempting to industrialize quickly and grab vital raw materials that were not available at home. They too wanted a reliable market for goods produced in their factories. This upsets and worries all of the current Colonial Powers. G. Industrialization creates a new set of dynamics: 1. Egypt is seized by the British for control of the Suez Canal. 2. The Philippines are seized from Spain during the Spanish American War because the US did not want to give Japan an easy target. 3. The French take Indochina because of its rubber tree resources before the Germans can get it.

UNIT I: LESSON #5 V. Industrialization in the Victorian Age: (cont’d) H. The two remaining Empires outside the sphere of European influence, China and the Ottoman Empire, are weak and close to collapse. I. Only a small number of countries retain any kind of self rule, such as Ethiopia and Afghanistan.

UNIT I: LESSON #6 VI. The Naval Arms Race: The growth of empires leads to a need for strong navies to protect the colonies. Strong Navies provided: Protection for colonies Prestige among peers Power projection far from the home country. 1899 and 1907 disarmament conferences are futile. C. The pace of the arms race grows. 1. 1903-1908 a 6.4 % growth in military armaments 2. 1908-1913 a 40 % growth in military armaments. D. Insecurity over the growth of armaments made war inevitable.

UNIT I: LESSON #6 VI. The Naval Arms Race: E. The German Naval Plan in case of war with France and Russia. Admiral Von Tirpitz builds what the Kaiser (Wilhelm II) calls a “Risk Fleet.” Have a large fleet built by 1898 in case of war that can defeat either the Russians or the French. Realizing that it would be impossible to destroy the largest navy in the world, make the German fleet equal the English North Sea Fleet. In case of war with France or Russia, should England get involved, it would not “risk” losing its North Sea Fleet fighting the Germans in the North Sea. F. The Germans had a flawed assumption and what really occurred was a new Naval arms race to build up the English North Sea Fleet. G. The German strategy also causes the English to make treaties with Japan, France and Russia to free up ships and make Germany’s plan unrealistic.”

UNIT I: LESSON #7 VII. The Buildup of Military Technology: Naval Technology: 1. The Dreadnought 2. The Torpedo 3. The Submarine 4. The Sea Mine 5. Spotter Aircraft

HMS DREADNOUGHT

UNIT I: LESSON #7 VII. The Buildup of Military Technology: (cont’d) Army Technology: 1. The Machine Gun 2. The Tank 3. Chemical Weapons 4. Barbed Wire 5. Radio-Telephone 6. Spotter Aircraft 7. Quick Firing Long Distance Artillery.

UNIT I: LESSON #7 VII. The Buildup of Military Technology: (cont’d) Air Technology: The Aerial Photography Aircraft 2. The Fighter Aircraft 3. The Bomber 4. The Observation Balloon 5. The Zeppelin

World War I Aircraft

UNIT I: LESSON #8 VIII. Smaller Conflicts up to 1914: The Spanish American War 1898 The Boer War 1900-1901 The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

UNIT I: LESSON #8 IX. Case Study 1907: The Great White Fleet Article. What was the motivation for the trip? Who was the author and what was the title of the book written in 1890 that became the blueprint for American Foreign Policy until the First World War? What did the US gain with this fleet in 1898? What was being built at the time in Central America that became another reason for a big fleet? “Navalists” like Roosevelt had two overriding concerns when it came to a big navy; what were they? One major power had evolved as a threat to the US in the Pacific. What was it and how did the Great White Fleet influence it?

UNIT I: SUMMATIVE Summative on: Intro slides: Keegan Questions Handout #1 and #2 Unit I lessons 1-5 Slides Unit I lessons 6-8 Slides Activity: Barsanti. History Channel Magazine: Full Steam Ahead. May/June 2006.