Geographic Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Europe

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Geographic Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Europe Lucia Simoni, Francesc Calafell, Davide Pettener, Jaume Bertranpetit, Guido Barbujani The American Journal of Human Genetics Volume 66, Issue 1, Pages 262-278 (January 2000) DOI: 10.1086/302706 Copyright © 2000 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Scheme of the main dispersal processes supposed to have occurred during the Paleolithic first colonization of Europe (red arrows [from Richards et al. 1997, p. 253]) and during the Neolithic demic diffusion (blue arrows [from Renfrew 1987, p. 160]). The approximate location of glacial refugia is represented (violet ovals), as is a major Mesolithic expansion from Iberia (dashed violet arrow [proposed by Torroni et al. 1998]). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2000 66, 262-278DOI: (10.1086/302706) Copyright © 2000 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Geographic distribution of sampled populations in Europe. Unbroken lines represent the consensus suture zones recognized, in a study of 20 nonhuman species, by Taberlet et al. (1998, fig. 6). The groups of samples used in AMOVA are identified by different letters, a–e; samples not associated with a letter were not considered in that analysis. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2000 66, 262-278DOI: (10.1086/302706) Copyright © 2000 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Zones of maximum genetic change in Europe, inferred from mtDNA variation (thick lines); numbers refer to their ranking. Localities are connected by a Delaunay network (thin lines). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2000 66, 262-278DOI: (10.1086/302706) Copyright © 2000 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Spatial correlograms calculated along a northwestern-European transect. a, Haplogroup V sequences based on table 4 of Torroni et al. (1998) (individuals from North Africa, Sardinia, and Turkey were excluded). b, All haplogroups. c, All haplogroups with Saami excluded. The X-axis represents geographic distance between samples; the Y-axis represents II; a single asterisk (*) denotes P<.05; triple asterisks (***) denote P<.005. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2000 66, 262-278DOI: (10.1086/302706) Copyright © 2000 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions