Ovarian Cancer Ovarian Cancer only affects women. The ovaries are located on each side of the women’s uterus.

Ovarian Cancer The ovaries contain 3 kinds of tissue: Epithelial cells: These cells cover the ovary. Most ovarian cancers start in this covering. Germ cells: These cells make eggs (ova) inside of the ovary. Stromal cells: These cells make most of the female hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

Ovarian Cancer Epithelial ovarian cancers: 90% of ovarian cancers are this type. Ovarian cancer is staged depending on severity of the development from 1 to 4. Stage 1 means the cells look more normal; stage 3 look less normal, and stage 2 is in between. Usually the higher the stage the worse the outlook.

Risk factors Age: Most cancers appear after age 63. Obesity: Most women are overweight have an increased risk. Having children: Women who have had children are at decreased risk. Female surgery: Women who have had their tubes tied are at increased risk. Fertility drugs: Women who have taken fertility drugs are at increased risk.

Risk Factors Continued Male hormones: Studies suggest male hormones used to treat endometriosis may increase the risk for ovarian cancer. Family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, or colorectal cancer: Anyone who has a first relative, mother, sister, aunt who has this cancer may have increased risk. Diet: A low fat diet may reduce the risk. Smoking and alcohol use: Increased use may increase risk.

Prevention and detection See a doctor if you have symptoms: swelling of the stomach (abdomen) or bloating caused by a build-up of fluid or a tumor.  pelvic pressure or stomach pain.  trouble eating or feeling full quickly.  having to urinate often or feeling like you have to "go" right away.

Diagnostic Techniques CT Scan Ultrasound Barium Enema PET Scan Biopsy Barium Enema X-ray Physical exam

How the cancer affects the body The following symptoms are indicative of ovarian cancer. Tiredness  Upset stomach  Back pain  Pain during sex  Constipation Menstrual changes

Treatment options and side effects Surgery- To remove the tumor from the site. Debulking- Another form of surgery, depends on the stage of the tumor. To remove as much of the tumor as possible. Chemotherapy- Medication that kills new cells. Has side effects including nausea, vomiting, hair loss. Radiation therapy- An intensive x-ray that is focused in the area of disease. Can cause burns.

Support groups There are local support groups for women who suffer from ovarian cancer. The American Cancer Society has a website link for survivors of cancer. Check the website. www.acs.org For a local support group.

References American Cancer Society (2008). What causes ovarian cancer? Retrieved August 8, 2008 from http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_2_2X_What_causes_ovarian_cancer_33.asp?rnav=cri.