Taking Notes on Your Sources Research Unit Marth

Warm-up Paraphrase Summarize Quote How do you properly use another author’s work? Hint: There are three ways. Paraphrase Summarize Quote

Plagiarism What is plagiarism? the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own Can have serious consequences such as being expelled It’s like lip-synching to someone else’s voice and accepting the applause and rewards for yourself. IF YOU PLAGIARIZE, YOU WILL FAIL!

Three ways to incorporate Research Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing Always use in-text documentation THEN cite it on your Works- Cited page

Quoting When you use the author’s EXACT WORDS Put quotation marks around your work “ .” Do NOT use more than 4 lines Include the Author’s Last Name and Page Number on which you found the information, directly after the quote According to Hughes, “poetry rocks!” (Hughes, p.2)

When do you use quotes? To add power of an author’s words to support your argument To highlight particularly powerful phrases/passages Comparing and contrasting specific points of view To note the important research that comes before your own

Paraphrasing When you rephrase or put the author’s thoughts in YOUR OWN WORDS— rewording the source’s ideas, words, phrases, and sentence structure. When do you paraphrase? Planning to use information on your note cards to avoid plagiarizing To avoid overusing quotations To use your own voice to present information

Example of Paraphrasing "I had to explain to him that I was deaf. I said, 'Wait; I can't hear; please talk slowly.' He looked at me and said, 'What?' I told him again I was deaf, and he said, 'Oh.' He pointed to a door and told me to go through that door. I followed his instructions. I opened the door and walked through it, closing the door behind me. I found that I was in the hallway near the elevator where I had just come up. I was shocked! He had rejected me without any explanation. I got into the elevator, and as it descended, I felt very letdown. I couldn't understand why he didn't give me a chance to explain that I could do the job well. It didn't require hearing!" -- Bernard Bragg, My First Summer Job, A Handful of Stories, 19

Example of Paraphrasing Continued In A Handful of Stories, Bernard Bragg tells a story of trying to get a job. One time he told a potential employer he was deaf, and the man just pointed to the door. Mr. Bragg, not realizing the man was telling him to leave, opened the door and stepped out. Not until he went out the door did he realize he had been rejected because he was deaf (19).

Summarizing Involves putting the main idea(s) of one or several writers into your own words—including only the main points. When do you summarize? To establish background or offer an overview of a topic To describe knowledge—from several sources—about a topic To determine the main ideas of a single source

Practice Original: Of the more than 1,000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From “Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers,” Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348. Paraphrased? Summarized?

One more Original: “The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate,” Cousteau told the camera. “The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity.” From “Captain Cousteau,” Audubon (May 1990): 17. Paraphrased? Summarized?

Two options for notes Note Cards Note Sheets Minimum: 6 Note Cards per source (30 total) Title of Source Page Number Educational Issue the information pertains to 1 piece of paraphrased information Minimum: 1 Note Sheet per source (5 note sheets total) Title of Source Name of the Author 6 pieces of paraphrased information with page numbers

Why paraphrase in your notes? It is helpful to paraphrase, or summarize, your research on the index cards while you are taking notes. If you are consistent in paraphrasing at this stage, then you will not accidentally plagiarize someone else's work. You will also have less work to do when you are actually writing the paper.

Pick your Poison Note Sheets Note Cards Remember: 6 note cards per source (including your interview) Remember: 1 note sheet per source (including your interview)