Water Treatment.

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Presentation transcript:

Water Treatment

Stages in water treatment Screening Settling Filtration Chlorination Fluoridation

Screening Removes any floating material

Settling Add aluminium sulfate to water. Small particles sink to the bottom of tank.

Filtration Water is passed through beds of sand and removes insoluble particles. Water is now clear.

Chlorination Add chlorine to water to kill bacteria.

Fluoridation Add fluorine to water to prevent tooth decay.

Water Cycle

Electrolysis of water

Electrolysis of water Electrolysis is the splitting of water by passing electricity through it. A hoffmann voltameter is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Electrolysis of water Add sulfuric acid to improve the conductivity of water to help to split the water. Result: There is twice as much hydrogen as there is oxygen.

Tests Hydrogen: Burns with a pop Oxygen: relights with a glowing splint.

To demonstrate that water expands when heated Water expands once it drops below 4 degrees celsius.

The meniscus Curved surface of a liquid in a container.

Desalination 97% of all water is salt water.

Colourless, odourless liquid Freezing point is 0oC Excellent solvent Properties of water Colourless, odourless liquid Boiling point 100oC

To show that water contains a dissolved substances Step 1: Filter the water to remove any insoluble substances

Step 2 Evaporate the water using the evaporation technique and check what materials are left behind.

How to remove water hardness: Softening water involves removing the calcium and magnesium ions. Methods of removing water hardness: Boiling Distillation Ion exchange