Principles of Government Identify essential features of a state and describe the theories about the origin of government.

Ancient Greek Influence Athens - First Democracy What is a democracy? rule by the people Ideas from the Greeks citizenship rights (members only) Voting and government service Trial by Jury (Story of Socrates) Plato’s Republic - Only educated citizens should rule and vote to protect the minority from mob rule.

Aristotle: Ancient Greek scholar, studied Greek city-states, student of gov’t Politics, democracy, and republic The word “state” is derived from the Latin term stare, which means “to stand.” A state now means: a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government that answers to no other higher authority. Aristotle & the State

What's the difference between these concepts? A nation-state differs from a "state" or a "nation" for a couple of important reasons: A nation refers only to a socio-cultural entity, a union of people sharing who can identify culturally and linguistically. This concept does not necessarily consider formal political unions. A state refers to a legal/political entity that is comprised of the following: a) a permanent population; b) a defined territory; c) a government ; and d) the capacity to enter into relations with other states. What's the difference between these concepts?

Examples of “nations” without definite borders Kurdistan: is a roughly defined geo-cultural region wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population, and Kurdish culture, language, and national identity have historically been based. Some Kurdish nationalists seek to create an independent nation state of Kurdistan, consisting of some or all of the areas with Kurdish majority Examples of “nations” without definite borders

Palestine: Nation… not a nation-state The UN General Assembly granted Palestine an observer status as a "non-state entity" at the UN The Palestinian people/government does not have full control or sovereignty over their territory Palestine: Nation… not a nation-state

Roman Influences The Roman Republic - First Republican Government What is a Republic? An indirect democracy; representative democracy 2. Ideas Separation of government bra- Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches The Roman Senate Legal ideas: Innocent Until Proven Guilty Justinian’s Code - legal code used by judges: correct punishment for a crime based on decisions in previous cases : precedent

Divine Right Theory Ancient China and Western Europe, Roman Catholic influences, ancient Egypt and others Monarch ruled by power of God; therefore they should be obeyed and given complete authority as they are ordained by God

Let’s read about the Nature of Government and what are the Purposes of Government? Essential Features of a State?

Theories of the Origin of the State TURN TO PG. 8 Evolutionary Theory 1 Force Theory 2 Divine Right Theory 3 Social Contract Theory 4 Theories of the Origin of the State TURN TO PG. 8