Chapter 1 Review -- TEST FRIDAY Bell Work: Analyzing Data page 27 Answer Questions 1-5 in complete sentences Make sure your Home-Work (chapter 1 study packet) is on your desk, I will be coming around to check for completion

Packet Review What is the goal of science? The goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions. 2. What is science? Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. 3. What is an observation? An observation is the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way.

4. The information gathered from observations is called _________ data 5. List the name of the type of data that involves numbers and give an example: Quantitative / The manatee has one scar on his back. List the name of the type of data that involves characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted and give an example: Qualitative / The manatee appears healthy and alert.

6. What is an inference? An inference is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience. 7. What is a hypothesis? A hypothesis is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. 8. In science, a hypothesis is useful only if it can be ____________ tested 9. True or False: A hypothesis should be stated in such a way that it can never be proven wrong. False

10. What are three sources from which hypotheses may arise 10. What are three sources from which hypotheses may arise? Hypotheses may arise from prior knowledge, logical inferences, or from informed, creative imagination 11. Circle the letter of each of the following that may be an outcome of testing a hypothesis: a. the hypothesis is partly true but needs to be revised b. the hypothesis is wrong c. the hypothesis is supported d. the hypothesis is of no value A, B, and C should be circled

12. What do scientists assume about the universe 12. What do scientists assume about the universe? They assume that the universe is a system in which basic natural laws apply. 13. What are some qualities that are desirable in a scientist? Qualities include openness, skepticism, and a recognition that science has limits. 14. True or False: A community must use its shared values to make decisions about scientific issues. True

Chapter 1 Section 2 The idea that life can arise from nonliving matter is called ______ spontaneous generation 2. What was Francesco Redi’s hypothesis about the appearance of maggots? Flies produce maggots. 3. Ideally, how many variables should an experiment test at a time? It should test only one variable at a time – independent variable 4. Define: Manipulated variable The Independent Variable = the variable that is deliberately changed Define Responding The Dependent variable = the variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable

5. In Redi’s experiment, what were the controlled variables, manipulated variable, and responding variable? The manipulated variable was the presence or absence of the gauze covering the jars. The responding variable was whether maggots appeared. Controlled variables include type of meat, size of jars, time meat was left in jars, and temperature. 6. For what do scientists use the data from a controlled experiment? They use it to evaluate the hypothesis and draw a conclusion. 7. When scientists look for explanations for specific observations, what do they assume about nature? They assume that the patterns in nature are consistent.

8. Why do scientists assume that experimental results can be reproduced? A key assumption in science is that nature behaves in a consistent manner. 9. What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek discover? He discovered a world of tiny, moving objects, which he called “animalcules” in rain water, pond water, and dust. 10. How did Pasteur settle the spontaneous generation argument? He designed a special flask to show that as long as broth was protected from microorganisms, It remained free of living things.

11. In animal field studies, why do scientists usually try to work without making the animals aware that humans are present? To learn how animals in the wild interact, it is necessary to observe the animals without disturbing them. 12. When a controlled experiment is not possible, why do scientists try to identify as many relevant variables as possible? They identify as many as possible so that most variables are controlled. 13. In science, what is a theory? A theory is a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. 14. True or False: A theory may be revised or replaced by a more useful explanation. True

Biology is the science that seeks to understand the living world. Chapter 1 Section 3 What is biology? Biology is the science that seeks to understand the living world. 2. What is a cell? A cell is a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings. 3. Circle the letter of each statement that is true about cells. a. a cell is the smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive b. a multicellular organism may contain trillions of cells c. a living thing that consists of a single cell is a multicellular organism d. organisms are made up of cells A, B, and D should be circled

4. What are two types of reproduction. Sexual & Asexual 5 4. What are two types of reproduction? Sexual & Asexual 5. Living things are based on a universal _____________ genetic code – DNA 6. Circle the letter of each statement that is true about living things: a. the life cycle of many organisms involves development b. for bacteria, growth is mostly a simple increase in size c. each type of organism has a distinctive life cycle d. cells may change in number but never differeniate B,C,D

7. Why does an organism need energy and a constant supply of materials 7. Why does an organism need energy and a constant supply of materials? An organism uses energy and materials to grow, develop, and reproduce 8. What is metabolism? Metabolism is the combination of reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out life processes 9. True or False: All organisms respond to the environment in exactly the same ways. False

10. What is homeostasis? It is the process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant. 11. A group of organisms that changes over time is said to _____ evolve 12. List the levels of organization from largest to smallest: biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, groups of cells, cells, molecules (know the descriptions for these p. 21) 13. What kinds of information can the study of biology provide about matters affecting human society? Biology can help you understand what affects the quality of life.

Chapter 1 Section 4 Why do scientists need a common system of measurement? Researchers need to replicate one another’s experiments (in order to avoid bias) 2. When collecting data and doing experiments, what system of measurement do most scientists use? metric system 3. The metric system is based on multiples of ______ 10

4. a. 1000 meters = 1 kilometer b. 1 liter = 1000 milliliters c 4. a. 1000 meters = 1 kilometer b. 1 liter = 1000 milliliters c. 1 gram = 1000 milligrams d. 1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton 5. When scientists collect data, what are they often trying to find out? They are trying to find out whether certain factors changed or remained the same

6. What does a graph of data make easier to recognize and understand than a table of data? A graph makes it easier to recognize a pattern. 7. What are microscopes? Microscopes are devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye. 8. What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope? Light microscopes focus light rays and electron microscopes utilize electron beams.

9. How do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful 9. How do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful? They can show specific structures in the cell 10. What are the two main types of electron microscopes? TEM stands for transmission electron microscope. SEM stands for scanning electron microscope. 11. Compare how a TEM and SEM produce images. TEM shines a beam of electrons through a thin specimen, whereas SEM scans a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the surface of a specimen.

12. How must samples be prepared for observation in an electron microscope? Samples must be preserved and dehydrated. 13. A group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell is called a(an) cell culture 14. What technique do biologists use to separate one part of a cell from the rest of the cell? cell fractionation 15. What is the single most important rule for safety while working in the lab? Always follow your teacher’s instructions & read through all instructions before you begin the lab