Disease

Disease Does not allow the body to function normally Can affect individual organs or an entire body system Divided into two groups –infectious and non-infectious

Infectious Disease A disease that can be passed from organism to organism Caused by tiny organisms called PATHOGENS

4 KINDS OF PATHOGENS Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protist

Pathogens can come from Another person

Contaminated objects

Animal bite

Environment

Some Infectious Diseases You Should Know Colds Flu Strep Throat Athlete’s Foot AIDS

Colds Illness caused by a viral infection located in the respiratory system The cold virus multiplies and attacks the mucous membranes of the nose and throat causing the common effects of the cold (sore throat, runny nose, fever…) Cold can not be treated with an antibiotic because it is caused by a virus

Flu Influenza, commonly known as “the flu”, is a highly contagious viral disease of the respiratory system Typically causes fever, muscle aches, and a more severe cough than the common cold and usually lasts longer

Think the flu is no big deal? Think again… In 1918, a particularly deadly strain of flu, called the Spanish Influenza, spread across the globe It infected 20% of the human population and killed 5%, which came out to be about 100 million people

Athlete’s foot Common fungal infection of the skin of the feet May be contracted from public environments Grows in the warm and moist environment usually between the toes Difficult to cure

Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Discovered in 1983 Specifically targets and kills T-cells Because normal body cells are unaffected, immune response is not launched

AIDS ~The Modern Plague~ The HIV virus doesn’t kill you – it cripples your immune system With your immune system shut down, common diseases that your immune system normally could defeat become life-threatening Can show no effects for several months all the way up to 10 years

AIDS ~The Silent Spread~ Transmitted by sexual contact, blood transfusions, contaminated needles As of 2007, it affects an estimated 33.2 million people

Strep Throat Contagious disease caused by bacterial infection Symptoms include fever, pain, redness and swelling of the throat and tonsils May produce mild or severe symptoms

Non-infectious Diseases Not caused by pathogens in the body Not spread from organism to organism

Causes of Non- infectious diseases Heredity – information you get from your parents The environment – examples are sun, radiation, chemicals Lifestyle choices – smoking, drugs, alcohol

Types of Noninfectious Diseases Diabetes Asthma Parkinson’s disease Skin Cancer

Diabetes A disease that results in glucose (sugar) level being higher than normal. It is caused by the person’s inability to either produce or use properly a natural chemical made in the body (pancreas) called insulin.

Diabetes may lead to Kidney disease Heart disease Vision problems

Parkinson’s Disease Disease of the nervous system that occurs when nerve cells in the brain stop functioning properly, affecting the muscular system

Parkinson’s Disease: Major symptoms Severe shaking (tremors) Disabilities involving movement At present, there is no cure

Skin Cancer Disease in which skin cells found in the outer layers of the skin become damaged.

Factors that lead to Skin Cancer Damaging ultraviolet rays (UV) from the sun or tanning beds heredity

Asthma Affects the lungs and the airways that deliver air to the lungs Causes periodic attacks of wheezing and difficulty breathing

Asthma attacks Occur when the airways become inflamed in response to a stimulus, such as dust, mold, pets, exercise, or cold weather Some attacks start for no apparent reason