Nutritional needs.

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Presentation transcript:

Nutritional needs

Nutrition : is the process by which the body uses food for energy , growth , and maintenance and repair of body tissues

-They regulate body processes , Nutrition functions 1-They provide energy for food processes and movement . 2-To build and repair the body tissue. -They regulate body processes , 4-Making essential substances such as enzymes and hormones .

The components that the body requires for health as 1-protein . 2-carbohydrate. 3-Fat. 4-Vitamins , including : a-water-soluble vitamin {C,B}. b-fat-soluble vitamin {A, 'E, D, and K). 5-minerals. 6- water.

Energy: heat produced by the oxidation of food. Calorie : is the amount of heat necessary to rise the temp of one gram of water 1. Basal metabolic rate { BMRJ : is the rate at the body metabolizes food to maintain the energy each gram of: 1-Carbohydrate after metabolized 4 {kcal 2-protein after metabolized 4 { kcal 3-Fat after metabolized 9 {kcal).

Daily basal needs = 1 calorie. weight ( kg). 24 + 0 Daily basal needs = 1 calorie * weight ( kg) * 24 + 0.5 of the daily basal need = total caloric needs . Example : assume a person weight 60kg . 1*60*24=1440 0.5of 1440= 720 1440+720=2160

Factors effecting nutritional needs I.Age & growth rate. 2.Body temp. 3.Body size. 4.Activity. 5.Environment. 6.Emotional status. 7-Disease. 8-Religion. 9-Soucio-economic & culture,

Role of nursing in nutrition: 1-Observation & recording pt's nutrition requirement. 2-Preparing pt's & environment for food. 3 -Help the pt to eat and taking fluid. 4-Teaching the pt's . about nutrition { over weight , malnourish –meat).

Types of diets in hospital pt's diets: 1-Regular or standard diet. 2-Light diet { differs from regular diet in the method of pre paring (simply cooked)). 3-Soft diet { the diets contains liquids & semi-liquids 4-Full liquid diet . 5-Special diets : a-high-caloric diet. b-Low -caloric diet. c-Diabetic diet. d-Restricted sodium diet. e-Low fat diet. f-Low protein diet. i-High protein diet.

Disorders affecting nutritional state: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting Anorexia : loss of appetite or lack desire for food Nausea : stomach adistress accompanied by an urge to vomit Venting : the forceful explosion of gastric content through the stomach center controlling is located in medulla oblongata .

Factors causing anorexia, nausea & vomiting: 1-Chemical stimuli {drugs and other toxic substances}. 2-Impulses from cerebral cortex {strong emotions}. 3-Impulses arising from receptor in the viscera {inter gastrointestinal infection, irritating food}.

Signs & symptoms of nausea: 1-Faintness and weakness. 2-Salivation. 3-Pallor. 4-Perspiration. 5-Tacky cardiac. 6-Dizziness. 7-Headache.

Nursing care: 1-Bed rest. 2-Deep breathing. 3-N. R.O. 4-Anti-emetic drugs.

Signs & symptoms of vomiting: I -Uncomfortable. 2-Show pallor. 3-Increase respiration. 4-Increase pulse at first then drop to below nonnal. 5-Decrease B.P.

Nursing care: put patient on his side. Suction the pt's as necessary. Splint an abdominal wound with a binders. Comfortable position . Limit the pt's motion . Limit the pt's intake.