Gravity & Motion Astronomy.

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Presentation transcript:

Gravity & Motion Astronomy

Kepler’s Laws of Motion First- Planets move in elliptical orbits around Sun Foci- Two fixed points in an ellipse Major axis- Maximum diameter of ellipse Semimajor axis- Half of major axis Eccentricity- Ratio of distance between foci and major axis Perihelion- Planet is nearest Sun Aphelion- Planet farthest from Sun

Second- Planets move like there is an imaginary line connected to the Sun Third- Squares of sidereal periods of planets is proportional to cubes of semi-major axes Sidereal period- Time for planet to complete one orbit around Sun

Galileo Mathematician by choice Experimented with gravity by dropping objects Air resistance determines speed Once an object is in motion, it will remain in motion unless acted upon

René Descartes Believed that all changes in motion due to “corpuscles” Inertial motion- Motion when there are no unbalanced forces acting on object

Early planetary motion Aristotle & Ptolemy- planetary bodies located on crystalline spheres Robert Hooke- knew about Sun’s force on planets Central force- Force acting on a center of motion

Gravity What is gravity?

Sir Isaac Newton Brilliant man with numerous discoveries, but needed a little push Wrote Principia about planetary orbits and gravity Newton’s three laws:

Law of Inertia An object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by unbalanced force Inertia- Resistance to changes in motion Velocity- Speed and direction of an object Acceleration- rate velocity changes with time Mass- Measure of inertia of a body Momentum- Mass multiplied by velocity (direction & magnitude)

Law of Force When an unbalanced force acts upon an object, it produces a change in momentum in the direction in which the force acts Force- A push or pull

Law of Action & Reaction When one body exerts a equal and opposite force on another body, the second body also exerts a force on the first.

Orbital Speed and Energy Kinetic energy Gravitational potential energy

Tides Distortions in shape resulting from tidal forces Tidal forces- differences in gravity in an object being attracted to another Solid Earth (Terrestrial) tides- Distortion due to moon & Sun 22 inches at equator (5.9 in due to Sun) Generate currents in conducting fluid within Earth [magnetic field] Ocean tides- Tidal acceleration causes vertical and horizontal movement Spring- Unusually high or low Neap- Weak tides

The day gravity reversed itself…

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