Introduction to Information Systems CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Information Systems

CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems? 1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems 1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? 1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Begin the process of becoming an informed user of your organization’s information systems. 2. Define the terms data, information, and knowledge, and give examples of each. 3. Define the terms information technology, information system, computer-based information system, and application.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued) 4. Identify three ways in which you depend on information technology in your daily life. 5. Discuss three ways in which information technology can impact managers and three ways in which it can impact non- managerial managers. 6. List three positive and three negative societal effects of the increased use of information technology.

Chapter Opening Case Robert F. Balazik/Shutterstock

E-Mealz © Alex/iStockphoto

1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems? Yuri Acurs/Shutterstock

The Informed User – You! Homo Conexus You are the most connected generation in history. You practice continuous computing. You are surrounded by a personal, movable information network. Your personal information network is created by constant cooperation between: the digital devices you carry; the wired and wireless networks that you access as you move about; Web-based tools for finding information and communicating and collaborating with other people. You can pull information from the Web and push your ideas back to the Web. © Voon Nam Fook/iStockphoto

Build Your Own Multinational Company http://www.domystuff.com/ http://www.vworker.com/ http://www.webgrity.com/ http://www.b2kcorp.com/ http://www.globetask.com/ http://www.guru.com/ https://www.elance.com/ These examples were created in 2011. How many links are still ‘original’? © Alex Gumerov/iStockphoto

Digital Nomads They may have location independence but do they have ‘time zone independence’? A digital nomad is someone who uses information technologies such as smart phones, wireless Internet access, and Web-based applications to work remotely from anywhere. Source: Media Bakery

IT Offers Career Opportunities www.simplyhired.com September 4, 2011

“Top Jobs” in America Money Magazine 2010

Managing Information Resources Traditional Functions of MIS Department Consultative Functions of MIS Department Example: manage data center © stockbrokerxtra/Age Fotostock America, Inc. Example: create business alliances Source: Howard Kingsnorth/The Image Bank/Getty Images, Inc.

1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems © zu difeng/Shutterstock

Data Information Knowledge Data Item. Elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning. Information. Data organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient. Knowledge. Data and/or information organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity. Information Knowledge (Source: © janaka Dharmasena-Fotolia.com; Exactostock/SuperStock; uttamgurjar/Shutterstock)

Computer-Based Information Systems Software Database Hardware Computer-based information systems are information systems that use computer technology to perform some or all of their intended tasks. Hardware is a device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard or printer Software is a program or collection of programs that enable hardware to process data. Database is a collection of related files or tables containing data. Network is a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources. Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the above components in order to process information and generate the desired output. People are those individuals who use the hardware and software, interface with it, or uses its output. Procedures Network People (Source: Nasonov/Shutterstock; Angela Waye/Shutterstock; alexmillos/Shutterstock; broukoid/ Shutterstock; Mike Flippo/Shutterstock

Capabilities of Information Systems Table 1.3 Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical computations Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration within and among organizations Store huge amounts of information in small space Allow quick, inexpensive access to vast amounts of information worldwide Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently Increase effectiveness and efficiency of people working in groups in one place or around the world Automate semiautomatic business process and manual tasks

Application Programs An application program is a computer program designed to support a specific task, a business process, or another application program. Angela Waye/Shutterstock

E-Discovery Software (IT’s About Business 1.3) http://www.cataphora.com/ http://www.autonomy.com/ http://www.blackstonediscovery.com/ http://www.clearwellsystems.com/ Source: maxstockphoto/Shutterstock

Types of Information Systems Information Systems Inside an Organization

Types of Information Systems Information Systems Among Organizations

Types of Information Systems Breadth of Support of Information Systems Functional area information systems Enterprise resource planning systems Transaction processing systems Interorganizational information systems A functional area information system supports a particular functional area of the organization. Enterprise resource planning systems tightly integrating the functional area ISs via a common database. Transaction processing systems support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s business transactions. Interorganizational information systems connect two or more organizations.

Types of Information Systems (continued) Support for Organizational Employees Office automation systems Business intelligence systems Expert systems Dashboards Office automation systems typically support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers, enabling them to develop documents, schedule resources, and communicate. Business intelligence systems provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for managers and knowledge workers. Expert systems attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. Dashboards provide rapid access to timely information and access to structured information in the form of reports.

1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? IT reduces the number of middle managers. IT changes the manager’s job. Will IT eliminate jobs? IT impacts employees at work.

Ergonomic Products Wrist support Back support Eye-protection filter Adjustable foot rest Source: Media Bakery

When ergonomics doesn’t work When all else fails…….

Enabling People with Disabilities to Work with Computers Computer solutions available to Visually-impaired users Hearing-impaired users Motor-impaired users Computer for visually-impaired user Computer for hearing-impaired user Computer for motor-impaired user © Harry Huber/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society IT Affects Our Quality of Life Robot Revolution on the Way Improvements in Healthcare

The Robot Revolution See video of Big Dog robot in action See ASIMO commercial See video of ASIMO in action See video of ASIMO learning © Stockbrokerxtra/Age Fotostock America, Inc. ASIMO videos have been removed from YouTube

The Robot revolution (continued) Industrial Robots See video of warehouse robots at work Telepresence Robots See video of telepresence robot in action

Improvements in Health Care See video of the pill cam in action See video of daVinci Surgical Robot The patient swallows the Pill Cam (camera). The camera takes an image of the digestive tract at intervals, and sends the images to a device that patients wear on their belts. The patients take their devices to their doctors who download the images and view them on a screen. May do away with endoscopy and the need for general anesthetic for the procedure. With the Laerdal Sim Man two physicians perform a procedure on a simulated human (mannequin) See video of Laerdal Sim Man in action © Stockbrokerxtra/Age Fotostock America, Inc.

Chapter Closing Case The Problem The Solution The Results