Lecture 5 Slides rh

Things to do with glucose… fig 14-1

adenosine triphosphate… ATP

fig 13-11

free energies are additive! 11kg 68kg In metabolism, it is all about the coupling mechanism riddle: how do you lift 11 kg? ans: lower a weight > 11kg!

fig 13-9

It takes ATP to make ATP! the preparatory phase fig 14-2

delayed gratification in glycolytic catabolism the payoff phase fig 14-2

Glucose catabolism around the bios… fig 14-3

Phosphorylation of glucose pg 532

Hexokinse: an example of induced fit fig 6-22

Hexokinse: an example of induced fit fig 6-22

Isomerization of glucose 6-P pg 532

Anomers… rh

The structural simplicity of isomerase reaction rh

Phosphorylation of fructose 6-P pg 532

Cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate by aldolase pg 533

Cleavage of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate by aldolase now have two distinct 3-carbon molecules fig 14-6

DHAP isomerization gives us 2 identical G3P pg 534

Isomerase action is familiar… same chemistry, different enzyme

Equivalent carbons from different parts of glucose fig 14-6

A fancy redox reaction… pg 535

A fancy redox reaction catalyzed by GAPDH fig 14-7

The GAPDH active site fig 14-7

Enyzme-substrate complex fig 14-7

a covalent intermediate between a cysteine S and the substrate fig 14-7

The carbon molecule gets oxidized!! fig 14-7

Phosphate as a nucleophile!!?? fig 14-7

release of the product, 1,3 BPG fig 14-7

Ready for more substrate… fig 14-7

This is the product of interest! fig 14-7

Voila! Our first ATP! XX pg 537

Substrate level phosphorylation: the general idea

“Isomerization” of 3PG to make 2PG “mutase” is isomerase that moves groups pg 537

Making an enol form by removal of H2O pg 538

A second substrate level phosphorylation: more ATP! pg 538

Ta Da!!! Pyruvic acid pg 538

LDH converts pyruvate to lactate, restoring the pool of NAD+ pg 547

Glycolysis: energy without O2 neutrophil anaerobic organisms anaerobic situations

CEOLACANTH: the Living Fossil

Glycolysis in action: 100 mt sprint Usain Bolt!!