Day 4- The Age of Jackson

1824 Election – Notebook Paper A “Corrupt Bargain?” John Quincy Adams Strong central gov’t national university. astronomical observatory naval academy. Supported land rights of Native Americans Jackson won the popular vote but not a majority of electoral votes. Decision went to the House, Clay was presiding as Speaker (he also ran for pres, but came in 4th). House selects J.Q. Adams for president and Henry Clay becomes Secretary of State . . . . Hmmm…..

1828 Election – Notebook Paper Adams-Clay Seen as elitist Seen as corrupt Attacked for wasting $ Gambling devices Whigs Pro-Bank Pro-Tariff Pro-National Improvements- Roads, Railroads, Canals Jackson Farmers, artisans. Distrust of “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. Democrats Pro-States Rights Anti-Bank Anti-Tariff Anti-Federal funded transportation

1828 Election Jackson : Northern farmers and artisans. Southern slave owners. Farmers with small land holdings. He created Democratic Party national committee mass meetings, parades, picnics. Faith in the “Common Man” Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”

1832 Election Results

Increased Democratization – Notebook Paper White male suffrage increased Party nominating committees. Voters chose electors. Rise of Third Parties. Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854) Democrats (1828)

Culture of an American Hero Indian Fighter, “Old Hickory” War Hero - New Orleans Tough, self-made man Personification of the West Independent, strong values Anti- Elitism Social equality

Spoils System Jackson fired many government employees and hired many of his supporters (even if unqualified) Unofficial advisors = his “Kitchen Cabinet”

Tariff of Abominations Tariff of 1816  on cheap textile imports Tariff of 1824  on iron, woolen, cotton imports Tariff of 1828  higher on raw materials Helped manufacturers in the North and hurt Southern planters Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY. The South alone was adamantly against it. As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff. They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

Indian Removal 1830 Pres. to trade Indian lands for lands west of the Miss. River. Cherokee were forcibly moved - approx 4,000 died ("Trail of Tears“). Some tribes went peacefully, but many resisted relocation. http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson/videos/jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and-nullification

Maysville Road Veto – 1830 Maysville Road Bill proposed building a road in Kentucky (Clay's state) at federal expense. Jackson vetoed he didn't like Clay strict interpretation Fed gov’t shouldn't pay for intrastate improvement

Nullification 1832 States decided to nullify (not enforce) tariff Tariff reduced, SC still wanted to secede Henry Clay - compromise

Bank War 1832-33 BUS needs to be renewed Jackson against bank (thought bank had too much power) & vetoes renewal. He said monopoly on bank favored Eastern rich

Results of Bank War (1836-1837) “Pet Banks” – gov’t $ spread out to banks in the states inflation Causes Panic of 1837 Banknotes lose value. Land sales plummeted. Credit not available. Businesses fail. Unemployment rose. Jackson pulled gov’t $ out of BUS and put it in “pet banks” in the states (who’d supported him politically) “Wildcat banks,” speculators and loans fueled runaway inflation. Jackson’s goal  curb the land speculation & stabilize economy. Specie Circular: Executive order - federal land can only be bought w/ gold or silver. Impact: The Panic of 1837 Banknotes lose value. Land sales plummeted. Credit not available. Businesses fail. Unemployment rose.

Documents Look at the document and complete the HAPPY sheet. On the back answer the following questions What did Tocqueville consider the advantages and disadvantages of American democracy? Why is legitimate for a state to nullify a federal law? Why did Jackson appose the re-charter of the Bank of the US? Why did Everett think that three states and Jackson violated the rights of Native American tribes?