Look for patterns in these pictures of the inside of the Earth:

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Presentation transcript:

Look for patterns in these pictures of the inside of the Earth: The Layers of the Earth Look for patterns in these pictures of the inside of the Earth:

Why are there distinct layers of the Earth? How are they different? Depth Temperature State, (solid liquid or gas?) Composition, (Iron? Aluminum?)

Layers of the Earth Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Solid Liquid State Solid Liquid “Play-Dough” Components Iron, Si, C Iron, Nickel MgO & SiO2 Si, Alum. Distance from Surface (km) 6000 (very centre of the earth) 5000 3000 35 Temp. o Celsius. 5400 4000 2500 <60

The thickness of the crust varies: 35 km thick 7 km thick

How do Scientists know so much about “the centre of the earth?” Direct Evidence: Earth’s magnetic field suggests the presence of iron;

More Direct Evidence: The lava from volcanoes shows us what’s below the surface.

Indirect Evidence: Scientists can infer that the core is solid by measuring seismic waves. Try this: Create… 1) S-waves by moving a slinky side to side; 2) P-waves by pushing the slinky.

Scientists create S and P waves at one point on the crust, and measure where they “come out” on the other side. Some seismic waves don’t travel through liquids, so when they don’t show up on the other side of the earth, it suggests there is liquid down there.

More Indirect Evidence: The melting points of the minerals, (Iron, Silicon, Aluminum, etc.) suggest the temperatures of the layers.

Some Melting Points, (degrees Celsius): Iron: 1535 Carbon: 3600 Magnesium: 670 Nickel: 1452 Silicon: 1420

Use the table on the screen to complete the worksheet.