UNIT 4 CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAYS p. 90 Mrs. Elizabeth Coiman-Lopez, BAT., MS. Houston Community College – Fall 2018

DEFINITION P. 90 REASON RESULT ACTION RESULT Shows the reader the relationship between something that happens and its consequences, or Actions and results EXAMPLE: If overfishing (ACTION), the fish population will diminish or disappear (RESULT) Cause-Effect Essays can be: Informative Analytical Insightful Includes a single paragraph discussing a cause, an effect or both, in a longer essay such as a persuasive or argumentative. REASON RESULT ACTION RESULT DEFINITION P. 90

KINDS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAYS P. 90 FOCUS–ON–CAUSES METHOD: Writer focuses on the CAUSES (actions or reasons) How many people, when given a piece of information, like to analyze the topic Asks: Why? How? Each paragraph would address a different CAUSE, Why does something happen? FOCUS–ON–EFFECTS METHOD: Writer focus on the EFFECTS or results of a cause. Thinking hypothetically Answers: What if? Focus on the outcome of a particular event or action. Each paragraph would address ONE EFFECT each. What happens when…? PRACTICE: Activity 1 p. 90 FOCUS–ON–CAUSES METHOD: CAUSE CAUSE CAUSE EFFECT FOCUS–ON–EFFECTS METHOD: CAUSE EFFECT EFFECT EFFECT KINDS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAYS P. 90

FOCUS-ON-CAUSE ESSAY Activity 1 P. 90-93 WHY DO PEOPLE LIE? Thesis Three examples of liars from famous stories in the introduction. Paragraph 4: Idiom: A white lie. Paragraph 5: dangerous situation Conclusion: the author gives a suggestion, an opinion, or a prediction. FOCUS-ON-CAUSE ESSAY Activity 1 P. 90-93

FOCUS-ON-EFFECTS ESSAY Activity 2 P. 93-95 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN..? Background knowledge of the Soviet Union. Countries in the Soviet Union. Writer’s MAIN passage in the essay Thesis: Stated or Implied Paragraph 2: One effect is the new market. Give examples Paragraph 4: ethnic minorities and their problems. Which minorities and what problems? Paragraph 2: a word that means SHIFT Paragraph 5: synonym of MOMENTOUS FOCUS-ON-EFFECTS ESSAY Activity 2 P. 93-95

DEVELOPING A CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAY Activity 3-8 P. 95-105 Complete the two outlines: THE CAUSES OF BULLYING BEHAVIOR (Focus-on-Causes method) THE EFFECTS OF BULLYING ON THE YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE BEING BULLIED (Focus-on-effects method) Write supporting information Write cause-effect connectors p. 100 Use Noun Clauses p. 12 Eliminate WORDINESS from your writing p. 103 Eliminate REDUNDANCY p, 104 DEVELOPING A CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAY Activity 3-8 P. 95-105