Boundary Conflict Simulation In our class today we will consider some of the boundary conflicts that have taken/and are taking place around the world. The key questions that will inform our learning are: Why and how do cooperation and conflict help shape the distribution of social, political, and economic spaces on Earth at different levels of analysis? How do differing points of view and self-interest play a role in conflict over territory and resources?

Boundary Conflict Simulation We will look at some contemporary boundary conflicts and attempt to identify some of the possible reasons underpinning these conflicts. We will then play a simulation activity where we explore some of the causes in more detail before reflecting on the difficulties and complexities associated with these issues.

Boundary Conflict Simulation

Simulation: Territorial Disputes IB Global Politics

Key Questions Why and how do cooperation and conflict help shape the distribution of social, political, and economic spaces on Earth at different levels of analysis? How do differing points of view and self- interest play a role in conflict over territory and resources?

Boundary Conflicts around the world Why do conflicts over boundaries arise between states? Discuss potential reasons

Kashmir (India and Pakistan)

South China Sea

Falklands/Malvinas (UK and Argentina)

DMZ (North and South Korea)

Possible reasons for boundary conflicts Resources Ethnicity Nationalism Idealism Culture Religion What others?

Ongoing Territorial Disputes

Welcome to Ugeria… Ugeria has been a colony of a distant country for the past 143 years. Two ethnic groups populate the area in large numbers. In 18 months the colonial power will grant sovereignty to Ugeria. A United Nations commission will meet with representatives from the ethnic groups to decide if Ugeria should remain a single political entity or become two or more separate countries

Your task Study the maps and data and seek a solution to the conflicts that may arise. Differences in the two ethnic groups and their spatial distribution in Ugeria may cause trouble. If a boundary creating two new countries is created, you should draw it on the map. You must make a note of the reasons for your decisions

Ugeria Background Information Ugeria has been a colony of a distant country for the past 143 years. Two ethnic groups populate the area in large numbers. In 18 months the colonial power will grant sovereignty to Ugeria. A United Nations commission will meet with representatives from the ethnic groups to decide if Ugeria should remain a single political entity or become two or more separate countries. Ethnic Group "A" Characteristics This group: makes up 72 percent of Ugeria's population; is largely secular; desires a democratic political system; averages high annual wages; has developed minerals, harbors, oil fields, fishing grounds; has a 93 percent literacy rate; has a 65 percent urban population; and presently doubles its population every 87 years. Ethnic Group "B" Characteristics This group: makes up 28 percent of Ugeria's population; "fundamentalist approach" to their religion; desires a theocratic political system; averages low annual wages; has developed hydroelectric power as its primary energy resource; has a 19 percent literacy rate; has a 12 percent urban population; and doubles its population every 35 years. Instructions: Study the maps and data and seek a solution to the conflicts that may arise. Differences in the two ethnic groups and their spatial distribution in Ugeria may cause trouble. If a boundary creating two new countries is created, you should draw it on the map. You must make a note of the reasons for your decisions

Reporting Back Did you manage to come to a decision? What was your decision? What justification? What role did geographic, political, cultural and economic factors play in your decision making? Can we come to a class consensus on the fate of Ugeria?