The World in 1450: Changing Balance of World Power 15 The World in 1450: Changing Balance of World Power
The World in 1450: Changing Balance of World Power Key Changes in the Middle East The Rise of the West Western Expansion: The Experimental Phase Outside the World Network
The World in 1450: Changing Balance of World Power
Key Changes in the Middle East Abbasids destroyed by Mongols, 13th century Byzantine Empire, falls to Ottomans, 1453
Social and Cultural Change in the Middle East Religious leaders in control by 1300 Ibn-Rushd (Averröes) More popular in Europe Landlords dominate peasants Serfdom Economic decline
A Power Vacuum in International Leadership Mongols Decline hinders international trade Ottomans Not an international power
Population Trends (pt 1)
Population Trends (pt 2)
Chinese Outreach and Reconsideration Ming dynasty (1368-1644) Replaces the Yuan Expansionist Into Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet State sponsors commercial ventures to India, Middle East, Africa
Chinese Outreach and Reconsideration Chinese fleets e.g. one led by Muslim admiral Zhenghe 1433, expeditions stopped More isolationist Still trade in Asian area Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia
The Rise of the West Period of relative stagnation, 14th, 15th centuries Aristocracy indulge in ritual No longer useful militarily Food supplies insufficient Famine 1348, Black Death
Sources of Dynamism: Medieval Vitality Monarchies Increasingly centralized Aristocracy less of a threat Iberia Monarchs strengthened through Reconquista
Imitation and International Problems Trade imbalance To east, for luxury products Gold shortage by 1400 Trade also threatened by Ottomans Impetus to find other routes
Secular Directions in the Italian Renaissance Italy takes the lead, 14th century Secular trend Personal fame for artists, writers City-states support the arts
Human Values and Renaissance Culture Humanism Interest in classical past, philology Painters Use of perspective, shadow More interested in the individual Ambitious, confident mood
The Basis for Wider Exploration The Genoese Vivaldi brothers 1291, disappear after passing Gibraltar 14th century explorers Canary Islands, Madeiras, possibly the Azores Spanish expeditions along west African coast
Colonial Patterns Azores, Madeiras, and Canaries exploited Prince Henry of Portugal Land grants Pattern Cash crops for European markets Slaves used
Western Expansion: The Experimental Phase Reconquista From 11th century Monarchies from 1400 Castile and Aragon allied through marriage in 1469 Christian mission to expel Muslims, Jews
Outside the World Network Americas and Polynesia not part of international trade
Political Issues in the Americas Aztec and Inca challenged after 1400 Aztecs face resistance from subjects Inca expansion jeopardizes the state Local leaders a threat
Expansion, Migration, and Conquest in Polynesia 700-1400 Migrations, conquest Hawaii settled Then cut off from Polynesia
Polynesian Expansion
Isolated Achievements by the Maoris New Zealand settled as early as the 8th century Maori Population expansion Sophisticated art
Adding Up the Changes 1400 a time of change globally Technological change (compass, astrolabe) Africa relatively unaffected New relations with Muslim worlds
Global Connections: 1450 and the World New, enduring contacts China begins a period of exploration Transcontinental connections consolidated