Chapter 15 Section 2 Notes The 2nd New Deal and FDR’s 2nd Term

2nd New Deal occurs in 1935 (2 years after FDR takes office) needed because unemployment and production levels still high better than in 1933 though more govt. relief for farmers and workers helped a little

1936 Election The Candidates Alfred Landon = Republican = Governor of Kansas FDR = Democrat incumbent Democrats win most elections easily (including FDR) Supported by New Deal Coalition (more in Sec. 3) Blacks especially. 1st time most vote Democrat ever!!! (explain) People like his wife Eleanor Very active in his Presidency (unusual) Urged him to appoint women to high positions in govt.

1936 Election Results

More Help to Farmers Needed since AAA was declared unconstitutional (3 Different Acts) Soil Conservation and Allotment Act Paid farmers for lowering production of crops that depleted soil Goal = prevent another Dust Bowl 2nd Agricultural Adjustment Act (same as 1st) Farm Security Administration Provided over $1 billion in loans to farmers Made better living conditions for migrants Took pictures of conditions in rural areas Most Famous Photographer For FSA was Dorothea Lange

Dorothea Lange Photography

2 Major Job Programs (same as NIRA) Works Progress Administration (WPA) Headed by Harry Hopkins Spent $11 billion to create 8 million jobs Built several airports, roads, public buildings Women sewed clothing for the poor Artists painted murals, Actors performed plays More in Sec. 4 critics argued that most work was unnecessary

National Youth Administration (NYA) Provided student aid for educational purposes In return, students worked in part time positions at their schools and received low (or no) pay Helped find jobs or provide training for young people not in school

Labor reforms in 2nd New Deal Needed since NIRA was unconstitutional Wagner Act Collective bargaining protected Unions had to be allowed to exist Created National Labor Relations Board make sure workers treated fairly

Legality tested again NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp (1937) Decision: Govt could regulate labor. Has done so ever since.

Fair Labor Standards Act 40 hr. work week by 1940. (extra = overtime) 1st Minimum Wage (25 cents per hr.) Limited hours and types of jobs for minors

2016 Update by state

Rural Electrification Administration Rapidly increased electricity availability in rural areas 13% of farms had power in 1935 90% of farms had power in 1949

Social Security Act System still in effect today! 3 main parts probably the most important New Deal program (impacted the most people) govt. assumed responsibility for the welfare of old & needy Americans that can’t provide for themselves 3 main parts Retirement fund for 65 year olds Half from worker, half from employer unemployment compensation Fed. tax on employers gives weekly checks to people laid off from their job. aid to families with dependent children and disabled tax write offs. Other $ made available to states System still in effect today! AFFECTS ALL US CITIZENS