LO: To assess the impact of Industrial Growth under the Tsars Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to… Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A*

Look at the sequences below, can you identify what comes next? LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A* Task: Once you have written Your title and date… Look at the sequences below, can you identify what comes next? 1. Emancipation of the Serfs 2. Peasants Land Bank 3. War Communism ? 1891 1918-21 1932-33 ? Factory Inspectorate Employment of Under-12s banned 11 hour working day ?

Look at the sequences below, can you identify what comes next? LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A* Task: Once you have written Your title and date… Look at the sequences below, can you identify what comes next? 1. Emancipation of the Serfs 2. Peasants Land Bank 3. War Communism 4. NEP 1891 1918-21 1932-32 1947 Factory Inspectorate Employment of Under-12s banned 11 hour working day Workers Insurance

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A* So, what are our key questions for today? What attempts were made to Develop Russian industrial 1855-1917? How successful were these Attempts in transforming Russian industry? How far was industrialisation Throughout the period Motivated mainly by a desire to Catch up with the west?

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A* Focus of Industrialisation Emphasis on heavy (iron, steel, coal and engineering) industry. Wish to catch up with France and Britain, plus Germany post 1871. Desire to emulate the industrial revolutions of Western Countries. Regularly held back by peculiar nature of relationship with agriculture. Alexander II “New work discipline”, strict Regulations for amateur industry. Increased state involvement. Minister of Finance Reutern Focuses on railway construction. Attracted foreign expertise And capital. Ludwig Loop from Manchester (textiles) Nobel (Oil) Hughes (Iron and Steel) Welsh Russians! 3532km (1862) 22498km (1868) Bulk carrying capacity of railway. Industrial output doubles, growth Rate of 6% annually. Government bonds, tax exemptions and Monopolies given to foreign companies. Private companies given contracts, supported By government bailout promises. Corruption rose significantly. “The first proto state managed exercise In industrial advance” – Trebilcock. - Paved the way for Sergei Witte

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A* Alexander III -Nikolay Bunge, Finance Minister 1881-6. - Various fiscal initiatives e.g. Poll Tax 1886, Salt Tax 1881 1883 Peasant Land Bank Railways taken into state ownership 69% by 1911. Blamed by AIII for dramatic fall in value of Rouble. Replaced by Vyshnegradsky! 1887-92. A hardliner who utilised government revenues more efficiently. Medelev Tariff 1891, tax on imports Exported lots of grain, 1891 famine blamed on him. Sergei Witte 1893-1903 The “Great Spurt”. 1893 economy still heavily depended on agriculture. Witte decides to focus on industrialisation at expense of agriculture Causes consternation amongst Russian elite. Brought back foreign experts, foreign capital, placed rouble on the Gold Standard. Put most investement in heavy industry and rail. Coal production doubled, iron and steel sevenfold, railtrack 29183km-52162km Income from industry 42m roubles in 1893 to 161m roubles 1897

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A* Impact By 1900 Russia third in world iron production From 1840s-1880s era of free trade with limited state control. Some of Witte’s achievements exaggerated, engineering and textiles neglected. This later affected demand for raw materials Reliance on foreign loans meant capital unstable. Foreign experts meant little homegrown talent. Railway system still 11 times shorter than Germany. Trans-Siberian never fully completed. Agriculture not developed at same rates. 1909-13 Industrial output increasing. Russian coal production in 1913 10% of Britain, GNP per capita 20% of Britain. Idea that Russia may have caught up, if not for WW1, false? Many workers still employed in “Cottage” industries. Fact that economy falls apart during WW1 shows poor foundations. Finance system could not fund the war and hyperinflation sets in. War hampers the ongoing progress of Industrial growth.

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A*

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A*

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A*

LO: To assess the impact of Industrial growth under the Tsars Describe industrial growth E-D Explain how this affected workers C-B Judge how far this was transformative A-A*