Biology Chapter 3 A VIEW OF THE CELL
The Discovery of Cells I.Cell-is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life processes. A.Robert Hooke-(1665) observed cork through the little boxes and he saw rooms that resembled the rooms of monks called cells.
Scientists & the cell B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed cells under a microscope in 1665. C. Matthias Schleiden (1838)-stated that all plants are made of cells. D.Theodor Schwann (1839)-stated that all animals were made of cells.
THE CELL THEORY E. Rudolph Virchow (1855)-stated that all cells come from other cells. III. This led to the cell theory: --A. All living things are made of cells. --B.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. --C. Cells only come from pre-existing cells.
IV. TYPES OF CELLS A. SIZE: 2 micrometers-2 meters CELL SHAPE LIMITED TO A RATIO OF VOLUME/OUTER SURFACE AREA B. Shape: Cube (Plants) or Spherical (Animals) D.Eukaryotes-have a nucleus E. Prokaryotes-genetic material is floating in the cytoplasm; no nucleus
V. PARTS OF THE CELL A. Plasma membrane-semipermeable, 2 layers phospholipid, for protection of the internal cell -MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS – BIOLOGICAL BALANCE INCLUDES TRANSPORT PROTEINS Head-polar (hydrophilic)-water loving Tail-nonpolar (hydrophobic)-water hating
Parts of the Cell B. Cytoplasm-jelly-like substance, exhibits cytoplasmic streaming
Parts of the Cell C. Ribosomes-site where proteins are made.
Parts of the Cell D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-is a transport unit for the cell. There are two parts of the ER : a. Smooth ER-no ribosomes present! b. Rough ER-ribosomes present!
Parts of the Cell E. Golgi Apparatus- (GAP)-packaging and distribution center. Just like the post office!
Parts of the Cell F. Mitochondria-(ME) cellular respiration helps convert food into energy; the “POWERHOUSE” of the cell!
contains digestive enzymes! PARTS OF THE CELL G. Lysosomes-(LD) contains digestive enzymes!
H. Cilia- small hair like projections that helps the cell move!!!!! PARTS OF THE CELL H. Cilia- small hair like projections that helps the cell move!!!!! I. Flagella- a whip like structure that helps move the cell!
Parts of the Cell J.Nucleus-the brain of the cell, controls all cell functions, contains genetic material. K. Nucleolus-(round ball) manufactures ribosomes. Nuclear Envelope-protects nucleus!
Parts of the Cell O. Cytoskeleton-made up of microtubules & microfilaments, which give structure and support to the cell.
The next 3 parts of a cell are only found in plants!!!!! CELL WALL CENTRAL VACUOLE CHLOROPLAST!
Parts of the Cell L. Cell Wall-is a rigid outer covering of the plant cell. It supports the cell!
Parts of a Cell M. Vacuoles-containers or sacs that store water, sugar, food, etc. Central vacuole in plants!
Parts of the Cell N. Chloroplasts- (contain chlorophyll) which capture energy from the sun! (photosynthesis) Chromoplasts-pigments Leucoplasts-store starch
Parts of the Cell Centrioles are short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule triplets. Centrioles may be involved in microtubule formation and disassembly during cell division and in the organization of cilia and flagella.
Quiz Time!!!!!
QUIZ TIME!!!!!