Ambient carbon monoxide and cardiovascular mortality: a nationwide time-series analysis in 272 cities in China Cong Liu, MPH, Peng Yin, PhD, Renjie Chen,

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Ambient carbon monoxide and cardiovascular mortality: a nationwide time-series analysis in 272 cities in China Cong Liu, MPH, Peng Yin, PhD, Renjie Chen, PhD, Xia Meng, PhD, Lijun Wang, MPH, Yue Niu, MPH, Zhijing Lin, MPH, Yunning Liu, MPH, Jiangmei Liu, MPH, Jinlei Qi, MPH, Jinling You, MPH, Haidong Kan, PhD, Maigeng Zhou, PhD The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages e12-e18 (January 2018) DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30181-X Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Locations of the 272 study sites in four regions of mainland China The number in parentheses denotes the number of cities in the specific region. These cities were classified into four regions according to geography, climate, and culture. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018 2, e12-e18DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30181-X) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 National-average percentage changes in daily cardiovascular mortality per 1 mg/m3 increase in carbon monoxide with different lag days in 272 cities in China Data are posterior means and 95% posterior intervals. Lag 0=current day. Lag 1=previous day. Lag 2=previous 2 days. Lag 3=previous 3 days. Lag 0–1=average of the present day and previous day. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018 2, e12-e18DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30181-X) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 National-average exposure–response association curve between carbon monoxide concentrations (μg/m3, lag 0–1) and daily cardiovascular mortality Lag 0–1=average of the present day and previous day. The vertical scale can be interpreted as the log-relative change from the mean effect of carbon monoxide on mortality. The solid line represents the mean estimate and the shaded area represents the 95% CIs. The Lancet Planetary Health 2018 2, e12-e18DOI: (10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30181-X) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Terms and Conditions