Ioannis Smyrnias et al. JACC 2019;73:

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Ioannis Smyrnias et al. JACC 2019;73:1795-1806 UPRmt Markers in Human Myocardium From AS Patients Undergoing Valve Replacement Surgery or Control Subjects (A) mRNA levels of UPRmt markers in myocardium from aortic stenosis (AS) patients undergoing valve replacement surgery compared with control myocardium. (B) Patients were divided into 2 subgroups based on the mRNA levels of UPRmt markers relative to the upper limit of normality (2× the SD of control measurements for each respective target). mRNA levels of ClpP, mtDNAj, Atf5, Hsp60, and CHOP are shown. Data in A and B are expressed as median ± 95th percentile, n = 5 to 15/group; *p < 0.05. (C to J) Comparison of clinical and histological characteristics between AS patients with UPRmt markers in the normal range (subgroup A) and those with elevated UPRmt markers (subgroup B). Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography (C); maximal aortic transvalvular pressure gradient (D); serum levels of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (E); serum levels of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) (F); extent of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (G); TUNEL+-cardiomyocytes (H) and TUNEL+-noncardiomyocytes in myocardial sections (I); and myocardial collagen cross-linking (J). Data are mean ± SEM, n = 5 to 15/group. *p < 0.05. Abbreviations as in Figure 1. Ioannis Smyrnias et al. JACC 2019;73:1795-1806 2019 The Authors