10.3 Dealing With Other Nations pp. 333-337

Objectives: Discuss why the U.S. tried to remain neutral in European wars. Explain the effects of the Jay Treaty with Britain.

Review: 1. Who was unanimously elected as the nation’s first President? 2. What city served as our first national capital under the new administration? 3. A President’s official advisors are collectively known by what term? 4. Identify the members of Washington’s cabinet and the offices they held. 5. What legislation set up the organization of the Supreme Court and the lower federal court system? 6. Define unconstitutional— 7. Who was the nation’s first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

Review: 8. Define national debt— 9. What were the three parts of Hamilton’s plan to get the nation on a sound economic footing (see brace map)? 10. Define excise taxes— 11. Define tariffs— 12. Why did Southern states object to Hamilton’s plan for paying off state debts (i.e. assumption)? 13. What was promised to Southern states in exchange for their support in paying off Northern state debts? 14. Washington demonstrated the strength of the new federal government by crushing what rebellion?

A. Conflicts in the Northwest (pp. 333-334) In the 1790s, Great Britain—which still had forts in the Ohio Valley—continued to stir up Native Americans against settlers. In 1794 General “Mad” Anthony Wayne led American troops into the area and defeated a large force of Native Americans at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. In the Treaty of Greenville (1795), Native Americans agreed to surrender most of the land in present-day Ohio.

B. Choosing Neutrality (pp. 334-335) The French Revolution posed the most serious problem from abroad. President Washington and Alexander Hamilton preferred to stay neutral, or not take sides. In the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793), Washington stated that the U.S. would continue to trade with both France and Great Britain.

C. Challenges to Neutrality (p. 335) A French diplomat named Citizen Genet plotted to ignore Washington’s neutrality order and equip ships to fight the British. When America tried to trade with both Great Britain and France, the result was undeclared war at sea. The British also impressed, or kidnapped, American sailors to serve in the British navy.

D. The Jay Treaty (p. 336) Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to London as head of a peace mission to meet with British officials. The resulting Jay Treaty (1794) dealt with several troublesome issues. But the Jay Treaty infuriated many Americans because the British had not promised to stop seizing American ships or kidnapping American sailors.

E. Pinckney’s Treaty (p. 337) The Spanish had always had a tense relationship with American farmers in the West. But in 1795 they signed Pinckney’s Treaty, which allowed American ships to use the lower Mississippi River and to trade through the port of New Orleans. Spain recognized the 31st parallel as the southern boundary of the U.S. and the Mississippi River as the western boundary.

F. Washington Leaves Office (p. 337) Having served two terms in office, Washington decided not to seek reelection in 1796. In his Farewell Address, Washington cautioned the nation to “steer clear of permanent alliances” with foreign nations. He also warned against the development of divisive political parties and rivalries between the Northern and Southern interests in the country.

Review: 15. At what battle did General “Mad” Anthony Wayne defeat a confederation of Native Americans in the Ohio Valley? 16. In what treaty did the Native Americans agree to give up most of the land in present-day Ohio? 17. Define neutral— 18. What proclamation did Washington issue to keep the U.S. out of war with either Britain or France? 19. Which French diplomat plotted to ignore Washington’s neutrality order and equip U.S. ships to fight the British? 20. Define impressed— 21. Why did the Jay Treaty infuriate many Americans? 22. What were the provisions of Pinckney’s Treaty? 23. Against what three things did Washington warn in his Farewell Address?