Recipient intramuscular gene transfer of active transforming growth factor-β1 attenuates acute lung rejection  Takashi Suda, MD, Franco D’Ovidio, MD,

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Recipient intramuscular gene transfer of active transforming growth factor-β1 attenuates acute lung rejection  Takashi Suda, MD, Franco D’Ovidio, MD, Niccolo Daddi, MD, Jon H Ritter, MD, Thalachallour Mohanakumar, PhD, G.Alexander Patterson, MD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 71, Issue 5, Pages 1651-1656 (May 2001) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02528-0 Copyright © 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Level of active TGF-β1 in muscle (A) and plasma (B) of rats injected with AdCMVTGFβ1, AdCMVβgal, or normal saline. Muscles were collected at various time points after injection, and were assayed by ELISA. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.005. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 1651-1656DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02528-0) Copyright © 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 The mean arterial oxygenation (PaO2) after mono-ventilation of the allograft at the time of sacrifice on the fifth postoperative day. PaO2 in group I was superior in comparison with group II and group III. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.005. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 1651-1656DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02528-0) Copyright © 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 H-E staining (A) and Collagen red and Elastin black EVG staining (B) in muscle with transfected active TGF-β1. (A) There is some focal myocyte necrosis, while other myofibers are trapped within and compressed by granulation tissue with fibroblast accumulation (×100). (B) The EVG-stained section of the AdCMVTGFβ1 injected highlights the areas of myocyte destruction, and also indicates the cellular nature of the fibrosis, with accumulation of fibroblasts and only modest collagen deposition. Increased elastin was not clear (×100). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2001 71, 1651-1656DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02528-0) Copyright © 2001 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions