Determinants of liquid gastric emptying: comparisons between milk and isocalorically adjusted clear fluids  T. Okabe, H. Terashima, A. Sakamoto  British Journal of Anaesthesia  Volume 114, Issue 1, Pages 77-82 (January 2015) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu338 Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 (a) Sagittal sonogram of the gastric antrum after ingestion of 500 ml of orange juice. The antrum can be found between the left lobe of the liver and the pancreas, at the level of the aorta or inferior vena cava. The antrum appeared distended with a hypoechoic fluid content. (b) Sagittal sonogram of the empty gastric antrum. Arrow, antrum; L, liver; P, pancreas; Ao, aorta. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2015 114, 77-82DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeu338) Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Sagittal sonogram of the gastric antrum after ingestion of 500 ml of milk. (a) The antrum appeared distended with a hyperechoic content, suggesting curdled milk. (b) With time, the hyperechoic content changed into hyperechoic particles suspended in a hypoechoic fluid, suggesting curdled milk. Arrow, antrum; L, liver; P, pancreas; Ao, aorta. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2015 114, 77-82DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeu338) Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Changes in the antral CSA over time after ingesting one of the five different beverages. *P<0.01 significant difference between the M group and M+W group by the SNK multiple comparisons test; #P<0.01 significant difference between the O+S group and O group by the SNK multiple comparisons test; §P<0.01 significant difference between the W group and the other groups by the SNK multiple comparisons test. Values are expressed as mean (sd) (n=8 in each group). W group: 500 ml of water (0 kcal), O group: 500 ml of 100% orange juice (220 kcal), O+S group: 450 ml of 100% orange juice +50 ml of gum syrup (total: 330 kcal in 500 ml), M group: 500 ml of non-human milk (330 kcal), M+W group: 330 ml of non-human milk +170 ml of water (total: 220 kcal in 500 ml). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2015 114, 77-82DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeu338) Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Changes in calculated gastric volume based on the measured antral CSA over time after ingesting one of the five different beverages. *P<0.01 significant difference between the M group and M+W group by the SNK multiple comparisons test; #P<0.01 significant difference between the O+S group and O group by the SNK multiple comparisons test; §P<0.01 significant difference between the W group and the other groups by the SNK multiple comparisons test. Values are expressed as mean (sd) (n=8 in each group). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2015 114, 77-82DOI: (10.1093/bja/aeu338) Copyright © 2015 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions