Systematic ecological conservation of Thailand Please READ Instructions in the notes section BELOW. You may ADD extra notes in this section below these instructions Please DELETE this box. Student Number: 3620550 BDC332 practical faculty November 2018 Please use this template to answer your Practical Exam Question. Ensure you have YOUR STUDENT NUMBER on the Title Page and this PowerPoint file is renamed to reflect your student number and the country you analysed. The completed PowerPoint needs to be put onto a computer and you attach your name to the computer. The data includes that downloaded from IUCN Red Data List, DIVA GIS, WWF Ecoregions, Protected Planet, and ESRI. You may add images but please credit/attribute them using an in-text numbering system and a reference list on the final page. BCB/ESS Kingdom of Thailand

Introduction location Prepare a location map using your GIS with a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a figure caption. Your map should include neighbouring countries and their Capital cities. please include an overview map.

Biodiversity description andthreats Thailand is a true biodiversity-rich hotspot such that it contains a vast number of species with nearly 1000 bird species,15,000 plant species,1721 terrestrial vertebrate species, 2000 marine fish species, 11,900 marine invertebrate species, 2000 marine mollusc species, 1000 orchids species, 3000 fungi species, 294 mammal species, 360+ reptile species, 160+ amphibian species and 570 species of freshwater fish, as well as the 7000 known species of arthropod, which is believed to be only 10% of the definite arthropod total in Thailand. Thailand’s biodiversity is supported by a larger variety of ecosystems, landscapes and habits which most of them are threatened by human activities. The agricultural ecosystem in Thailand quays a rich diversity of species. The country acts as a sanctuary for world rice species. Currently there is rapid genetic erosion of rice due to urban rice paddy cultivation and farmers preferring to grow prolific species (with less conservation of indigenous crops). Introduction Biodiversity Description: In summarized point form describe the country's biodiversity capital (assets) and threats to its biodiversity conservation. YOU MAY USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO EXPLAIN THIS SECTION.

Biodiversity description andthreats Threatened species in Thailand are frequent, involving 121 mammals, 184 birds, 33 reptiles, 5 amphibians, 218 fishes and more than1,131 plants. Its number of indigenous livestock is also decreasing due to the introduction of alien animals and this is due to to human activities such as poaching, illegal hunting, crop and forest burns, livestock overgrazing, forest clearance or illegal logging, destructive fishing practices, disturbance and fragmentations caused by tourism and transportation development activities, environmental pollution, the introduction of alien invasive species, coral bleaching and the loss of wetlands. Introduction Biodiversity Description: In summarized point form describe the country's biodiversity capital (assets) and threats to its biodiversity conservation. YOU MAY USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO EXPLAIN THIS SECTION.

CURRENT PROTECTED AREAS Methods Prepare a map of the current Protected Areas Network. The prepared map should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION TARGETS Percentage and Species penalty factors Niniventer:20% Turdinus:60% Psilopogon:20% Limnonectes:80% Arborophila:40% Cyanoderma:95% Eurochelidon: 85% Murina:10% Boiga:10% Eudiscoderma:10% Methods Prepare a map of Conservation Targets: Identify at least TEN potential conservation targets that are suitable for a national conservation plan for your selected country in the context of their contribution to a global biodiversity conservation strategy. Targets need to be prepared as individual Boolean RASTER distribution maps. Please provide Species Penalty Factors for each Target. YOU WILL USE SEVERAL SLIDES TO SHOW these Conservation Targets. The folder contains zipped files that you select from or you can go to the IUCN Red data website to get other data (http://www.iucnredlist.org/ ). The prepared maps should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION planning units (Systematic) Methods Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS

CONSERVATION planning units (Systematic) Arcview a)File, Choose Admin0 shp, File, Extensions, Repeating shapes, Ok. B)Generate pattern of representing shp (Hexagon), Choose file with respect to selected features in a theme (next), Choose Adnin0 (next), Use all records (Ok), Hexagons (Ok), Area=0.03(Ok), Save file to the folder used on Idrisi. Idrisi selva a)File, Import, Software specific formats, Esri formats, Shapeidr, Input (THA_hexagon shp), Output (THA_Hexagon). b)Create blank for THA_Hexagon using Data entry (Initial) and name it (THA_Hexagon_new). c)Convert the Hexagon file using a Vector to Raster conversion using a polygon to raster option, insert the vector hexagon file and the THA_Hexagon_new file (the final is converted to a yte binary with reference system Latlong). Methods Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS

CONSERVATION planning units (ecological) -To create this map I Diva Gis where I used these steps: a)Layer, Add layer, Choose file (countries file & thailand msk alt). b)Data, Export, Multiple files, File type (IDRISI 32bit),Add file( THA_msk_alt grd), Apply. -I also used Idrisi selva where I followed these steps: a)GIS analysis, Surface analysis, Feature extraction. b) Input DEM(THA_msk_alt), output image(THA_Watershed), Area threshold (12, must not be 1), Ok. Methods Prepare maps representing BOTH SYSTEMATIC and ECOLOGICAL PLANNING UNITS. You should prepare ONE slide for each type of Planning Units and explain how you prepared the Planning Units. The prepared map(s) should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS

CONSERVATION planning tenure Evaluating Protected areas Methods Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the efficiency of the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan _The fist step is reclassing followed by data entry initial and converting the protected areas file -The final step is to create the tenure file, and this can also be achieved by going to the overlay icon. Select the roads_rails_overlay as the first image and the protected areas as the second image. This will allow us to see the fragmentation. The output image can be called tenure file. First covers second except where 0. This will produce the tenure file which can then be located by refreshing the project file directory and double clicking on it. This file then needs to be categorized and this can be done in the metadata. 0 will be background, 1 will be blank and 2 will be protected areas and 3 will be roads and rails. Methods Prepare a Conservation Planning Tenures Map to ASSESS the complement (what needs to be added) to the EXISTING Protected Area Network: This needs to be prepared as a SINGLE ANNOTATED map which should include a title, scale bar, North direction, a comprehensive legend and a fully descriptive caption. DO NOT DISTORT THE MAPS.

Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan -Planning unit layer: hexagon of country -Add raster group of your conservation target -Select target percentage -Penalty factor (spf): 10 Auto fill spec.type -Enable planning unit layer (tenure + transformed layer) -Boundary length file enabled -Output prefix is marxan conservation % -Click Continue. Methods Use this slide and simple drawings or flow diagrams to explain the core concepts of MARXAN. You should not use the IDRISI dialogue boxes. Ensure you use proper annotation and include a descriptive caption.

Systematic CONSERVATION planning Explaining Marxan Methods In summarized point form describe the parameter options you should select for the final RUN of the MARXAN analysis. You may use dialogue boxes to explain this section. (You do not need to run MARXAN as it would take too long to do the runs).

Expected Results Systematic CONSERVATION planning Results expected on Marxan Niniventer:20% Results= 10% Turdinus:60% Results=25% Psilopogon:20% Results=10% Limnonectes:80% Results=65% Arborophila:40% Cyanoderma:95% Results=70% Eurochelidon: 85% Murina:10% Results=5% Boiga:10% Eudiscoderma:10% Results=3% Expected Results Explain using Diagrams the results you would expect to obtain from MARXAN. They do not need to be the actual results rather the form of the MARXAN outputs you would expect. You may use more than one slide to prepare this section.

Sources of data, attribution and acknowledgements www.gbif.org www.iucn.org/asia/countries/lao-pdr www.livingtreasures.co.za www.divagis.org www.idris32.org Marxan Tutorial References Ensure you provide full credit to source of information, Programs used, and referencing/attribution of referenced material. You may use more than one slide to prepared this section.

Sources of data, attribution and acknowledgements This is to thank the ESS lecturer Dr Richard Knight and his management from the department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology who provided all the information needed for us to turkle this module, as well as the BDC and ESS students who worked with me throughout the semester. A well conserved environment means prolonged health to the future’s life. References Ensure you provide full credit to source of information, Programs used, and referencing/attribution of referenced material. You may use more than one slide to prepared this section.