PART 2 Class Agenda TODAY’s PLAN: Today’s TaSK: EQ: Why are some Earthquakes bigger than others? LT: Construct explanations for the scale and proportions of earthquake size SC: Compare and contrast magnitude proportions Notebooking and modeling

Class Discussion: What do these numbers mean to you? When you hear about earthquake magnitudes such as the ones on the right, what is your relative perspective? How well do you relate to the scale and proportion of the earthquake reporting data? What information would help you develop an idea for the scale and proportion of earthquake magnitudes? 1811-12 New Madrid (Midwestern US) 7.7 1906 San Francisco, California 7.8 1960 Arauco, Chile 9.5 1964 Anchorage, Alaska 9.2 1971 San Fernando, California 6.6 1985 Mexico City, Mexico 8.1 1989 San Francisco, California 6.9 1995 Kobe, Japan 6.9

PASTA QUAKE DEMO When considering “Magnitude,” each different number is a measure of the total energy released by an earthquake and the difference between the numbers on the scale is about 32 times greater per level. Here is a scale model to help you understand the proportions of earthquake magnitudes… Pasta Magnitude Scale # of Pieces of Broken Spaghetti 3 1/30 4 1 5 32 6 1,024 7 32,768 8 1,048,576

Now, what do these numbers mean to you? By the end of the unit, you should be able to identify patterns in where big earthquakes occur and how often they occur. Major earthquakes and their Moment Magnitude ratings: 1811-12 New Madrid (Midwestern US) 7.7 1906 San Francisco, California 7.8 1960 Arauco, Chile 9.5 1964 Anchorage, Alaska 9.2 1971 San Fernando, California 6.6 1985 Mexico City, Mexico 8.1 1989 San Francisco, California 6.9 1995 Kobe, Japan 6.9 CLASS DISCUSSION: What do these numbers mean to you now? What is the first question you would ask if someone said they were in an earthquake? If they said they were in a magnitude 4.8 how worried would you be? If they said they were in a magnitude 9.5 how worried would you be?

LET’S USE OUR MAPS… Look at your project map for the west coast USA. Find California, what is the famous fault from California? Why is it so famous? (No, the movie is not realistic) Look at the Washington area on the map. What is the name of the plate we sit on? What is the name of the tiny plate pushing on Washington’s Pacific coast boundary? Now look for that same plate on the world tectonic plate map? How small is that plate compared to other world plates? Should we be concerned for the super tiny plate called the Juan De Fuca plate? Why/why not?

COMPLETE MIDDLE CHECK HOW ARE YOU FEELING ABOUT YOUR SUCCESS CRITERIA? HOW IS YOUR TABLE PARTNER DOING? RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS.

Boundaries & Faults The zone of where two plates touch are called “Boundaries.” “Faults” can occur on boundaries and away from boundaries. Faults are where the plates fracture. The plates can “Creep” slowly next to each other or they can move quickly in an earthquake. Look at your world map and find the arrows. There are 3 different ways the arrows can represent tectonic plate movement. Can you find the 3 arrangements and draw them in your notes?

MaKING SENSE OF “FAULTS” You DO NOT have to memorize their names, BUT you do need to understand how they move differently. Transform = sliding side by side Collisional Convergent= Pushing towards each other Subduction Convergent= Pushing and diving Divergent= Pulling apart (moving away from each other) Use your hands to model these 4 arrangements and explain to your partner where you think stress might build-up in each example.

Which type of fault generates mega quakes? Why? Exit ticket Which type of fault generates mega quakes? Why?