Comparison of DNA and RNA

Comparison DNA RNA long double Deoxiribose sugar in backbone Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine One kind Nucleus Hold all the instructions for making proteins short single Ribose sugar in backbone Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine Three kinds: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Nucleus, and cytoplasm Copy the DNA, carry instructions to cytoplasm, Line up the Amino acids and bond them together

DNA Uncoils with the help of Helicase the order of the base pairs is the CODE

Transcription mRNA copies the sense strand With the help of polymerase The order of the mRNA base pairs is the CODON

Processing Pieces are cut out and stay in the nucleus introns Pieces are spliced together and exit the nucleus, exons Phosphate cap and a polyAAAAA tail are added

mRNA Leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Enter tRNA the taxi It’s made in the nucleus and goes out into the cytoplasm and it’s job is to find amino acids and carry them to the ribosome.

Here is tRNA attaching the three base pairs at the bottom are the ANTICODON

Translation Changes DNA Language to Protein Language 3 base pairs represent 1 Amino acid mRNA is held in place by the ribosome.

Translation Transfer RNA brings the Amino acid to the ribosome and puts it in the right order by lining the anticodon with the codon.

Translation

Polypeptide formation The two amino acids come close together and with the help of ATP make a peptide bond. The ensuing chain of amino acids is a polypeptide. When it folds into a 3D shape it will be a protein

DNA to Proteins Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Karyoke Biorap