International Disaster Response Mechanism Dr Pavan Kumar Singh Joint advisor (Operations) National Disaster Management Authority Govt of India

Natural Hazards - Classification

Loss Events 2015 Total economic losses caused by the disasters in 2015 were USD 92 billion. Asia was hardest hit. The earthquake in Nepal was the biggest disaster of the year in economic-loss terms, estimated at USD 6 billion, including damage reported in India, China and Bangladesh. (Swiss Re)

Number Of World Natural Catastrophes, 1980-2016 (Number of relevant events by peril) Source: Munich RE

World Natural Catastrophes By Type Of Event, 2016 (% distribution) Source: Munich RE Of the US$ 175bn in overall losses, 27% came from geophysical events. Almost 60% of the fatalities in natural catastrophes were in Asia. The countries mainly affected were China, India and Pakistan, where protracted rainfall led to extensive flooding that ultimately claimed the lives of almost 2,400 people.

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction SFDRR 2015-2030, provides the way forward for resilient and sustainable development. To enhance regional cooperation by exchange of knowledge, good practices and information among governments and stakeholders.

SCO Region Approximately, the SCO region represents around 40 per cent of the world's population and 20 per cent of the global GDP. During the Plenary session of the 18th SCO summit, held on June 09-10, 2018, PM of India coined an acronym ‘SECURE’ as: 'S' for security for citizens, 'E' for economic development, 'C' for connectivity in the region, 'U' for unity, 'R' for respect of sovereignty and integrity, 'E' for environment protection.

Effectiveness Coping with the impacts of disaster. Region sustains its economic growth. It creates attractive opportunities to provide resources for immediate response. Besides others, the regional cooperation can be effectively utilized for early warning, notification and mutual exchange of information; joint education, training and exercises; and rendering assistance in case of disasters. arrangements for border crossing in case of emergency

Evolution of International Disaster Response UN General Assembly Resolution 2816 (XXVI) 1971. International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) 1991. United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) 1993. INSARAG External Classification / Reclassification (IEC/R) 2005. Notes: ______________________________________________________

Disaster-Response Architecture All International Assistance is in support of National Authorities - on request. The UN General Assembly has mandated the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) to coordinate International Response. Bilateral Assistance predominates.

Stakeholders in Response The affected population The local and national government National NGOs International NGOs The United Nations Bilateral responders(the donors) International military assets(if requested)

ICRC & IFRC ICRC is the oldest, and the most universally recognized international organizations involved in humanitarian assistance and disaster response. It is a Swiss-based organization with a mandate to protect victims of conflict, and disaster. It is neutral with regard to politics, religion, and ideology. The IFRC, with a secretariat in Geneva, serves as the umbrella organization for all Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and has more than 60 delegations that help in response to natural disasters.

In Country UN relief Structure UNDP UNHCR UNICEF UN RES COORD DMT WFP WHO OCHA

Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance The U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance (UNOCHA), established in 1992 by Resolution 46/182 of the General Assembly, gathers and disseminates information regarding assistance provided by U.N. agencies, the Red Cross and NGOs.  The resolution also created Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), which includes representatives of relevant U.N. agencies, the World Bank, the Red Cross and NGOs. UNOCHA and the IASC, chaired by the ERC, were set up with a view to strengthening humanitarian action in response and to coordinate the responses of external civilian actors. 

OCHA coordinates response to humanitarian crises and promotes the development of supportive policy. This includes the facilitation of the relationship between humanitarian and military components participating in a relief operation. OCHA provides over-sight to the UNDAC teams and INSARAG. Often, the first international search and rescue team to arrive in-country establishes the On-Site Operations Coordination Center (OSOCC).

The UNDAC Concept Primarily for Natural Disaster Response Stand-by capacity available worldwide Immediate deployment (12 - 24 hours) On-site Coordination in first phase of disaster Assessment/Processing/Dissemination of Information Deployed for 2 - 3 weeks only In support of National Authorities and UN Resident Coordinator

INSARAG INSARAG :Established in 1991 following lessons learned in the 1988 Armenia earthquake Decision by all UN member countries (80) in UN General Assembly on 16th December, 2002 General Assembly Resolution 57/150 “Strengthening the Effectiveness and Coordination of International Urban Search and Rescue Assistance” Endorsed the INSARAG Concept INSARAG Guidelines as reference document

INSARAG World-wide network of Urban Search And Rescue teams under the umbrella of UN. INSARAG External Classification system. Define agreed global standards for international USAR assistance. Develop common methodology for international cooperation and coordination in earthquake response.

INSARAG External Classification This process facilitated the composition and the organization of USAR capacities to answer and assured the minimal standards which correspond to needs and to priorities. The first IEC date since 2005. Till date, 51 USAR Teams are classified. Il s’agit de répondre à des standards minimaux, mais on fait et on peut toujours faire mieux et plus que le minimal…

Key Components of INSARAG USAR Teams 5:MEDICAL 1:MANAGEMENT INSARAG USAR TEAM 2: LOGISTICS 4: RESCUE 3: SEARCH

Medium Vs heavy USAR Teams MEDIUM USAR TEAM HEAVY USAR TEAM Capability to work only at a single work-site Capability at two separate work-sites simultaneously Mini strength 60-80 Mini strength 80-120 Capability of either search dogs or technical search (preferably both) Capability of both search dog and technical search Should be adequately staffed to allow for 24 hour operations at 1 site for up to 7 days Should be adequately staffed and logistically sufficient to allow for 24 hour operations at 2 independent sites for up to 10 days Technical capability to cut structural steel typically used for construction and reinforcement in multi-storey structures; A Heavy USAR team must be able to conduct Heavy rigging and lifting operations

Medical Emergencies WHO has the chief responsibility as the UN’s lead technical agency for health and medical issues arising from sudden or slow-onset disaster events. WHO is mandated to furnish appropriate technical assistance, and in emergency, the necessary aid upon the request or acceptance of Governments. Along with its regional offices, WHO is structured to deliver technical advisory support to national and local authorities, the donor community, and international NGOs.

Europe - Emergency Response Coordination Centre ERCC operates within the European Commission's Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Department. Supports a coordinated and quicker response to disasters both inside and outside Europe using resources from the countries participating in the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. collects and analyses real-time information on disasters, monitors hazards, prepares plans for the deployment of experts, teams and equipment, works with Member States to map available assets and coordinate the EU's disaster response efforts by matching offers of assistance to the needs of the disaster-stricken country. The ERCC also supports a wide range of prevention and preparedness activities, from awareness-raising to field exercises simulating emergency response.

BIMSTEC - Disaster Management During October 10-13, 2017, first disaster management exercise of BIMSTEC countries i.e Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bhutan and Nepal was undertaken. The mandate of exercise was to provide platform for sharing best practices on all aspects of Disaster Risk Reduction, strengthening regional response and coordination for Disaster Management . The exercise aimed to test region’s preparedness and effective activation of inter-Governmental interaction and agreements for immediate deployment of regional resources for disaster response.   Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

ASEAN- AHA CENTRE Association of Southeast Asian Nations comprises Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre) is an inter-governmental organisation. This Centre aims to facilitate cooperation and coordination among ASEAN Member States, United Nations and international organisations. During the recent Indonesia earthquake, the AHA Centre not only facilitated the mobilization of relief items but also coordinated liaison team composed of trained individuals from Malaysia, Singapore and the AHA Centre.

SCO-Areas for Cooperation Cooperation on building capacities for earthquake related emergencies Urban Search and Rescue (Short term) Earthquake Resistant Building Design and Standards (Medium term) Cooperation on promoting Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Development Cooperation among meteorological agencies on Early Warning Systems

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