10 Years of GWAS Discovery: Biology, Function, and Translation Peter M. Visscher, Naomi R. Wray, Qian Zhang, Pamela Sklar, Mark I. McCarthy, Matthew A. Brown, Jian Yang  The American Journal of Human Genetics  Volume 101, Issue 1, Pages 5-22 (July 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.005 Copyright © 2017 American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Minimum Sample Sizes for Detecting Trait-SNP Associations from Imputed and WGS Data Required sample sizes for detecting association were calculated with Equations A1–A5 under the assumption of a type I error rate of 5 × 10−8, 80% power, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Effect sizes (β) are in phenotypic standard deviation units. For genotyped SNPs imputed to a fully sequenced reference, we have used the average imputation Rimp2 values reported by the Haplotype Reference Consortium8 in their Figure S3. This is a conservative estimate of imputation accuracy because it is based on a less dense genotyping array. For the WGS data, we have assumed no sequencing errors. Note that for some combinations of allele frequency and effect size, the required minimum number of individuals for detecting association exceeds 100 million. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2017 101, 5-22DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.005) Copyright © 2017 American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions