7 The Nervous System PPT-C This ppt: 14 slides Total: 34 slides for 2 hour

V. Central Nervous System (CNS) A. Brain 1. Cerebrum 2. Thalamus, 3. Hypothalamus 3. Brain stem 4. Cerebellum

1. Cerebrum Lobes Parietal lobe Left cerebral hemisphere Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Cephalad Cerebellum Caudal Brain stem (b) Figure 7.13b

1. Cerebrum … a. *Location b. Cerebral Hemispheres c. Cerebral Cortex Corpus Callosum a. *Location b. Cerebral Hemispheres c. Cerebral Cortex *Anterior Association Area function *Broca’s area function *Visual area: where? *Primary Motor Area: function d. Corpus Callosum

Central sulcus Primary motor area Primary somatic sensory area Premotor area Gustatory area (taste) Anterior association area Speech/language (outlined by dashes) • Working memory and judgment • Problem solving Posterior association area • Language comprehension Visual area Broca’s area (motor speech) Olfactory area Auditory area (c) Figure 7.13c

*Temperature: function? *Water: function Metabolism 2. Thalamus Relay Station Crude Awareness 3. Hypothalamus *Temperature: function? *Water: function Metabolism *Drives: functions? Emotions Heart, Lungs, … *Regulates Endocrine system via what gland? Thalamus & Hypothalamus

A. Brain … 4. Brain Stem a. *Midbrain *Reflexes for what? b. *Pons *Function c. Medulla oblongata Heart rate Blood pressure Breathing vomiting 5. CEREBELLUM

5. Items Associated with the Brain *Cerebrospinal Fluid: define b. *Meninges: define Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater & Subarachnoid Space Pia Mater Skin of scalp Periosteum Bone of skull Periosteal Dura mater Meningeal Superior sagittal sinus Arachnoid mater Pia mater Subdural space Arachnoid villus Subarachnoid space Blood vessel Falx cerebri (in longitudinal fissure only) (a)

Skull Scalp Superior sagittal sinus Occipital lobe Dura mater Tentorium cerebelli Transverse sinus Cerebellum Temporal bone Arachnoid mater over medulla oblongata (b) Figure 7.17b

c. *Ventricles define Lateral ventricle Anterior horn Septum pellucidum Interventricular foramen Inferior horn Third ventricle Lateral aperture Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Central canal (a) Anterior view

Lateral ventricle Anterior horn Posterior horn Interventricular foramen Third ventricle Inferior horn Cerebral aqueduct Median aperture Fourth ventricle Lateral aperture Central canal (b) Left lateral view Figure 7.18b

Central Nervous System … B. Spinal Cord from foramen magnum to 2nd lumbar vertebra then as a collection of spinal nerves

Functions: Relays information between ____ & _____. Sensory Motor Spinal Reflexes: quick response of spinal cord to pain and other stimul. Functions to protect body part from more damage

Central process (axon) Sensory neuron Spinal cord (central nervous system) Cell body Ganglion Dendrites Peripheral process (axon) Afferent transmission Interneuron (association neuron) Peripheral nervous system Receptors Efferent transmission Motor neuron To effectors (muscles and glands) Figure 7.6

VI. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) PNS = Nerves and ganglia connective tissue

A. Nerves and their Classification FUNCTIONAL Mixed nerves = Sensory (afferent) nerves = Motor (efferent) nerves = BY LOCATION 1. Cranial Twelve pairs of nerves Most are mixed three are sensory only

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Figure 13.6a Location and function of cranial nerves. Filaments of olfactory nerve (I) Frontal lobe Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Optic nerve (II) Temporal lobe Optic chiasma Optic tract Oculomotor nerve (III) Infundibulum Facial nerve (VII) Trochlear nerve (IV) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Trigeminal nerve (V) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Abducens nerve (VI) Vagus nerve (X) Cerebellum Accessory nerve (XI) Medulla oblongata Hypoglossal nerve (XII) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

PNS: Cranial Nerves I Olfactory nerve II Optic nerve I II

PNS: Cranial Nerves V Trigeminal nerve: X Vagus nerve: V X

2. Spinal Nerves: 31 Paired Spinal Nerves C1 2 3 Cervical nerves 4 5 6 7 8 T1 2 3 4 5 Thoracic nerves 6 7 8 9 10 Lumbar nerves 11 12 Sacral nerves L1 2 3 4 5 S1 2 3 4 (a)

Sciatic Nerve: Phrenic Nerve: Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Pudendal Sciatic Posterior femoral cutaneous Common fibular Tibial Sural (cut) Deep fibular Superficial fibular Plantar branches

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13.12c The sacral plexus. Gluteus maximus Piriformis Inferior gluteal nerve Common fibular nerve Tibial nerve Pudendal nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Sciatic nerve Cadaver photo © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.