Joint instability leads to long-term alterations to knee synovium and osteoarthritis in a rabbit model C. Egloff, D.A. Hart, C. Hewitt, P. Vavken, V.

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Joint instability leads to long-term alterations to knee synovium and osteoarthritis in a rabbit model C. Egloff, D.A. Hart, C. Hewitt, P. Vavken, V. Valderrabano, W. Herzog Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 1054-1060 (June 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.341 Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Elevation of gene expression of mRNA levels in percent of controls. Collagen 1/3, Nitric oxide (iNOS), Interleukin 1β/6, and TNF-β were significantly up-regulated compared to normals and to the contralateral limb. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 1054-1060DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.341) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Mean histological score of the articular cartilage and synovium according to OARSI. The experimental knees showed significant higher scores compared to normals and contralaterals (*P = 0.03, respectively). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 1054-1060DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.341) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Synovial subanalysis according to OARSI: Experimental botox group showed significant elevation of cell proliferation and hypertrophy (P < 0.001), granulocytes (P < 0.001), lymphoplasmatic infiltrate (P < 0.001) and vascularity (P < 0.001) compared to untreated controls (marked with *). BTX-A group showed significant differences compared to the contralateral side in cell proliferation (P < 0.001), cell hypertrophy (P < 0.001), proliferation of fibroblasts (P = 0.03) and hemosiderosis (P = 0.02) (marked with **). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 1054-1060DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.341) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Microscopic image of the histological analysis of synovial tissue (20× magnification): Sample of untreated control (A), OARSI Score 3; synovial sample of experimental knee (B), OARSI score 14 with cell proliferation and hypertrophy, lymphoplasmatic infiltrates and neoangiogenesis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 1054-1060DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.341) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Microscopic image of the histological analysis of cartilage tissue of the tibial plateau (20× magnification): Sample of untreated control (A), OARSI Score 3; synovial sample of experimental knee (B), OARSI score 15 with erosion of cartilage, decreased chondrocyte density and increased cluster formations. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 1054-1060DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.341) Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions