Task Force on Establishment of European set of Labour Market Areas Preliminary Analysis and Results Unit for the Coordination of Territorial Statistics Task Force Meeting on Labour Market Areas October 2018

Overview 1 | Final LMA Geography and comparison with other geographies 3 | Regional Urban-Rural Typology Matrixes 2 | Statistics and Analysis on Regional Urban-Rural Typology 4 | Sensitive Analysis 1 | Final LMA Geography and comparison with other geographies 5 | Main findings

Goals Study the urban-rural linkages considering the Regional Urban-Rural Typology Set a framework of study areas based on the preliminary analysis and types of territories Investigate the use of different parameters to define LMA depending on the types of territories through sensitive and comparability analysis Evaluate a set of metropolitan and non-metropolitan parameters

Functional Urban Areas (FUA) 1| Final LMA Geography and comparison with other geographies Portuguese Cities, 2011 NUTS 3 (2013) Functional Urban Areas (FUA)

2 | Statistics and Analysis on Regional Urban-Rural Typology Comparative Statistical Indicators between Regional Urban-Rural Typologies (LAU 1) Typology PTRUR PTINT PTURB PT Nr. of territorial units (t.u.) 191 52 35 278 Surface (km2) Min 14 25 8 Max 1 721 764 465 Average 381 216 144 320 Median 279 182 128 229 SD 311 153 111 284 CV (%) 82 71 77 89 Resident Population (inhab.) 1 834 2 917 17 569 143 396 181 494 547 733 17 677 40 190 130 897 36 143 10 537 26 582 93 858 15 700 20 186 37 760 109 626 58 222 114 94 84 161   Employed Resident Population (Workers) 607 829 7 781 60 993 78 779 222 202 6 526 15 998 54 142 14 293 3 708 10 566 38 432 5 433 8 344 16 391 45 210 24 308 102 170 Employment (Jobs) 635 853 6 873 74 539 82 923 509 123 6 423 15 759 55 060 3 276 9 639 30 251 4 834 8 977 17 426 86 078 35 690 140 156 250 Employed resident population working in the territorial unit 563 729 3 225 52 361 65 209 185 140 5 124 12 193 30 288 9 615 2 700 7 259 22 335 3 876 7 019 13 555 32 541 16 333 137 107 Typology PTRUR PTINT PTURB PT Nr. of territorial units (t.u.) 191 52 35 278 SC Demand Side Indicator Min 41 61 Max 94 89 84 Average 80 79 64 78 Median 82 69 SD 9 6 14 10 CV (%) 11 8 21 13 SC Supply Side Indicator 38 57 34 95 88 83 74 55 75 53 77 12 15 24 18 Rural Areas - 68,7% of LAU 1 81,7% of total surface In average, 77,6% of the rural employed population lives and works in the same territorial unit (LAU 1) High levels of self-containment indicators (more employed population works and lives in the same LAU 1) Urban Areas 12,6% of LAU1 5,7% of total surface In average, 55,2% of the urban employed population lives and works in the same territorial unit More mobility between LAU 1 comparing to rural areas

2 | Statistics and Analysis on Regional Urban-Rural Typology Regional Urban-Rural Typology and Final LMA Geography LMA LMA Name Typology LAU1 Workers Density (per km2) Jobs Density (per km2) Emp_live_work Density (per km2) SC demand side indicator SC supply side indicator 10 AVEIRO Intermediate 8 448 8 648 6 002 72,5 67,6 Rural 1 3 602 250 200 80,2 69,3 19 SANTA MARIA DA FEIRA 3 6 526 1 971 1 457 78,9 69,4 Urban 6 14 466 8 051 5 705 68,0 67,9 24 BEJA 13 528 2 952 2 468 83,7 81,2 36 BRAGA 8 11 243 11 306 9 068 79,8 41 GUIMARÃES 7 15 549 12 283 9 797 81,1 76,9 2 21 703 2 869 1 910 64,9 64,0 49 BRAGANÇA 661 3 063 2 718 88,2 90,5 62 CASTELO BRANCO 1 005 3 974 3 468 81,5 85,4 73 COIMBRA 5 511 9 696 7 158 76,0 62,1 92 ÉVORA 868 3 416 2 819 83,3 78,0 101 PORTALEGRE 17 740 3 019 2 518 82,3 80,0 106 FARO 3 516 6 366 4 936 80,1 74,9 112 PORTIMÃO 3 732 5 347 4 199 80,4 79,0 124 GUARDA 880 2 500 2 114 85,1 137 ALCOBAÇA 6 033 5 065 4 015 77,6 71,4 140 LEIRIA 5 283 8 709 6 792 76,1 74,1 153 LISBOA 5 149 5 024 3 651 68,4 60,4 18 39 524 78 418 40 931 63,1 48,7 182 PORTO 63 155 33 446 18 614 62,7 56,9 187 PAREDES 5 12 217 6 515 5 069 78,3 72,7 21 949 1 930 1 444 74,8 197 TOMAR 14 1 260 3 500 2 848 78,7 78,4 212 SANTARÉM 2 686 6 351 4 653 72,9 63,6 226 SINES 728 2 595 2 030 80,8 82,8 239 VIANA DO CASTELO 3 842 5 487 4 473 80,5 254 VILA REAL 1 212 134 109 81,6 1 424 3 718 3 212 86,0 87,4 259 LAMEGO 2 765 463 396 86,1 75,3 11 2 142 2 117 1 733 82,2 277 VISEU 2 602 7 959 6 469 79,1

2 | Statistics and Analysis on Regional Urban-Rural Typology Regional Urban-Rural Typology and Final LMA Geography Demand Side Self-Containment (LAU1) and Final LMA Supply Side Self-Containment (LAU1) and Final LMA Regional Typology and Final LMA

2 | Statistics and Analysis on Regional Urban-Rural Typology Regional Urban-Rural Typology and Final LMA Geography 56% of the LMA have LAU 1 in rural regions Only 1 out of the 25 LMA has LAU 1 which intersect exclusively with urban region (Porto), because this LMA is smaller than Porto Metropolitan Area 12% of the LMA have LAU 1 in urban and intermediate regions (no rural regions) Only the LMA of Lisboa has LAU 1 in urban and rural regions (no intermediate regions) The LMA which intersect exclusively with rural regions, especially the ones located in the inland regions of Mainland Portugal have the lowest levels of workers density (employed population working in rural areas) The LMA which intersect with rural regions have higher levels of self-containment: more employed population lives and works in LAU 1 of the same typology The lowest levels of self-containment are in the LMA which intersect with urban regions (high mobility between urban LAU 1)

2 | Statistics and Analysis on Regional Urban-Rural Typology Proportion of Employed Population working per Economic Sector, 2011 The LMA which intersect with rural regions are situated in the north inner territory and NUTS 2 Alentejo have higher representation of the primary sector (between 9% and 16,2%) The employment in the secondary sector was more important in LMA which intersect with urban and intermediate regions (Santa Maria da Feira, Guimarães and Paredes), surrounding the LMA of Porto (almost 50%) The tertiary sector is more significant in the LMA which intersect with urban regions (Lisboa and Porto) and with the intermediate regions (Faro and Portimão), situated in NUTS 2 Algarve LMA LMA Name Typology Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary sector 10 AVEIRO Intermediate 2,9 37,5 59,6 Rural 8,3 27,6 64,1 19 SANTA MARIA DA FEIRA 2,6 42,9 54,4 Urban 1,3 47,7 51,0 24 BEJA 12,3 18,8 68,9 36 BRAGA 2,5 39,4 58,1 41 GUIMARÃES 1,4 51,7 46,9 1,2 48,5 50,3 49 BRAGANÇA 12,5 18,7 68,7 62 CASTELO BRANCO 4,2 27,2 68,6 73 COIMBRA 2,4 22,9 74,7 92 ÉVORA 9,1 20,1 70,8 101 PORTALEGRE 20,2 106 FARO 3,8 16,4 79,7 112 PORTIMÃO 2,7 15,7 81,6 124 GUARDA 7,3 22,7 70,0 137 ALCOBAÇA 7,4 27,4 65,2 140 LEIRIA 1,9 60,6 153 LISBOA 4,6 25,9 69,5 0,7 16,6 82,7 182 PORTO 23,8 74,9 187 PAREDES 1,6 47,4 1,1 45,7 53,1 197 TOMAR 5,2 27,3 67,5 212 SANTARÉM 6,1 24,8 69,1 226 SINES 11,7 63,5 239 VIANA DO CASTELO 3,9 34,8 61,3 254 VILA REAL 9,0 29,9 61,1 11,0 19,8 69,2 259 LAMEGO 9,7 38,6 51,6 16,2 21,5 62,3 277 VISEU 4,5 30,6 64,9

3 | Regional Urban-Rural Typology Matrixes Commuting Matrixes according to Regional Urban-rural Typology by LAU 1 Flows of employed population according to Regional Urban-Rural Typology by LAU 1, 2011 LAU 1 Matrix % Internal Flows % In Flows % Out Flows % Total Flows % Employed Population Urban 38,4 31,4 30,2 100 Intermediate 62,3 18,2 19,4 Rural 65,5 16,6 17,9 Concerning internal flows (flows between the same LAU 1), 65,5% of the rural employed population and 38,4% of the urban employed population lives and works in the same LAU 1 External flows (in and out flows) are more significant in urban LAU 1 (31,4% and 30,2% respectively) compared to intermediate and rural LAU 1 – more mobility in urban LAU 1

3 | Regional Urban-Rural Typology Matrixes Regional Urban-Rural Typology in commuting matrix Proportion of employed population in commuting matrix according to Regional Urban-Rural Typology, 2011 From/To Urban Intermediate Rural Total 46,2 0,9 0,6 47,7 1,2 19,4 0,4 20,9 1,1 0,3 29,9 31,4 48,5 20,6 30,9 100 Almost 49% of employed population works in urban LAU 1, of which 46,2% lives and works in urban LAU 1 Almost 31% of employed population lives in rural LAU 1, of which 29,9% lives and works in rural LAU 1 - Concerning the flows between different typologies, the flows between intermediate LAU 1 and urban LAU 1 represent the highest proportion of employed population: 1,2%

Study Areas and Regional 4 | Sensitive Analysis Study Areas based on Regional Urban-Rural Typology NUTS3 and Regional Urban-Rural Typology Study Areas and Regional Urban-Rural Typology Study Areas: Lisboa Metropolitan Territory Porto Metropolitan Territory Rural Territory Algarve Alto Minho The study area of Alto Minho was chosen because of its non spatial contiguity with other rural territories Sensitive analysis were conducted in two scenarios/study areas: Alto Minho separated with other rural regions Alto Minho with other rural regions

4 | Sensitive Analysis Study Areas based on Regional Urban-Rural Typology (Rural regions vs alto minho) Rural Regions Alto Minho Rural Regions

4 | Sensitive Analysis Study Areas based on Regional Urban-Rural Typology Based on previous results it was concluded that despite setting high or low values on the parameters, the number of LMA in Alto Minho it is the same for both scenarios. So it were defined 4 study areas: Final Study Areas Lisboa Metropolitan Territory Lisboa Metropolitan Area + 2 Rural Regions (Oeste and Lezíria do Tejo) Porto Metropolitan Territory Hypothesis 1: Porto Metropolitan Area Hypothesis 2: : Porto Metropolitan Area + 4 Intermediate Regions (Cávado, Ave, Tâmega e Sousa and Região de Aveiro) Rural Territories 14 Rural Regions Algarve 1 Intermediate Region Concerning the two scenarios for Porto Metropolitan Territory, tests were conducted for both territories for comparability reasons at metropolitan level

Study Areas characteristics Self-containment by LAU 1 4 | Sensitive Analysis Study Areas Characteristics Study Areas characteristics Study Area Nº LAU 1 % Employed Population Self-containment by LAU 1 Demand Side Supply Side Lisboa Metropolitan Territory 41 36,0 56,0 56,3 Porto Metropolitan Territory (Hypothesis 1) 17 17,8 59,8 60,4 (Hypothesis 2) 53 34,2 68,0 67,7 Rural Territories 168 25,3 80,5 80,4 Algarve 16 4,5 78,0 78,2

4| Sensitive Analysis Parameterization Scenarios Three parameterization scenarios: 1 - Scenario based on the LMA final geography parameters: 2 - Scenario based on parameters adjusted to metropolitan territories: depicting internal organization of metropolitan territories - high levels of functional integration - lower size and self-containment values 3 – Scenario based on parameters adjusted to non-metropolitan territories: defining functional urban regions - high levels of self-containment at LAU 1 - over evaluate size and self-containment values Several tests were conducted but only one result was selected for each scenario minSZ minSC tarSZ tarSC 35 000 0.80 100 000 0.85

4| Sensitive Analysis Lisboa Metropolitan Territory Scenario 1

4| Sensitive Analysis Porto Metropolitan Territory (Hypothesis 1) Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3

4| Sensitive Analysis Porto Metropolitan Territory (Hypothesis 2) Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3

4| Sensitive Analysis Rural Territories Scenario 1 Scenario 2

4| Sensitive Analysis Algarve Scenario 2 Scenario 1 Scenario 3

5 | Main findings Scenario 3 results, based on parameters adjusted to non-metropolitan territories – functional urban regions approach – are similar to the results of Scenario 1 – LMA final geography (Eurostat Grant). Scenario 2, based on parameters adjusted to metropolitan territories – depicting internal organization of metropolitan territories – applied to non-metropolitan territories ensure high levels of functional integration in rural regions, meaning, in the Portuguese context, a high number of LMA with one single LAU 1: 48 LMA – 51,6%... - Following our analysis and tests: Should a specific set of parameters be defined according to the type of territory U/R OR should a hierarchical system of LMA be defined according to size and functional integration? The Algarve study area (intermediate region) is a good example on how this hierarchical system may work

Task Force on Establishment of European set of Labour Market Areas Preliminary Analysis and Results Unit for the Coordination of Territorial Statistics Task Force Meeting on Labour Market Areas October 2018