Social Studies Final exam review Do now: take out review material and paper Exam dates: June 11 - 40 multiple choice questions (40%) June 9 – one essay (60%)

Contents of final exam 40 multiple choice questions- One essay – 60 points –

Format for review You are not expected to write down everything that is written here. You should just supplement your own notes.

1. Why did people move West? Better life Opportunities Homestead Act

2. Reasons for immigration Push – why they left their homeland; war, poverty, oppression Pull- America- Land of Opportunity; lots of jobs here

3- immigrate To come to a new land to settle

4. emigrate Exit; exodus To leave your homeland

5. Theories of immigration A. old theory – melting pot Immigrants erase heritage and adopt new, American culture. B. new theory – salad bowl Immigrants add features of their culture to become part of a new American culture. (cultural pluralism)

6-nativism Dislike of foreigners Wanted quotas or restrictions on immigration (1920s) Some immigrants were discriminated against when they arrived

7- muckrakers Goal- to expose problems caused by industrialization Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives – tenement life Upton Sinclair – The Jungle – horrors of meatpacking industry and immigrant life Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil – unfair business practices of Rockefeller

8- Progressive Movement Goals- to fix the problems caused by the Industrial Era Wanted to end unfair business practices such as monopolies, unsafe working conditions, monopolies, child labor etc.

9- suffrage Right to vote Women – 19th amendment African American Males – 15th amendment (but with restrictions)

10- laissez-faire Little or no government regulation or interference in the economy or business Led to growth of monopolies

11. Changes caused by Industrial Revolution Economic growth due to: Assembly line- more consumer goods produced at a lower/cheaper cost More efficiently produced goods More jobs in factories More monopolies and corporations

12-urban/suburban/rural Urban- city Suburban – outside city Rural- countryside

13- labor union Goal-Workers joined together to fight for better working conditions and benefits Unions help employees/workers VOCABULARY-- EMPLOYER= BOSS

14-assembly line Production is faster and cheaper Mass production of goods was more efficient

15. Jane Addams and Settlement houses Jane Addams- social reformer who set up settlement houses to help poor people and immigrants focused on education, health, job training Reform means to CHANGE

16- Big Stick Policy President Teddy Roosevelt U.S. “Policeman of the World” - especially Latin America

17 A.- imperialism Take over a nation making it a colony Due to the nation’s need for resources and markets during Industrial era expansion

17B – Manifest Destiny America’s destiny to be a land from sea to sea. Desire for expansion

17 C – Monroe Doctrine The U.S. declares it’s right to deal with matters in the Western Hemisphere Told Europeans to stay out of the affairs of the West Doctrine was expanded under Teddy Roosevelt (Roosevelt Corollary)

17 D- Spanish American War Causes Imperialism Yellow journalism DeLome Letter Humanitarian concern for Cuba Sinking of the USS Maine ship Results U.S. becomes and imperialist nation with colonies (Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines)

17 E- Open Door Policy with China Industrial Age More trade with China

18 A-World War I Causes – 1914 (M.A.N.I.A) Assassination of Archduke of Austria- Hungary Germany attacks U.S. ships then we declare war in 1917. Results Map of Europe changed

18B- U.S. at beginning of WWI U.S. Neutral in 1914- “did not affect us” U.S. Declares war- 1917 War ends- 1918 Reminder: Quiz on Thursday on Final Exam Review. Another Quiz on Friday and Tuesday.

19. Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace No more wars No secret treaties No colonies League of Nations- use diplomacy/talking to settle disputes

20-Treaty of Versailles Senate refuses to ratify treaty because of League of Nations Senate believed League might cause us to be involved in another conflict Harsh conditions on Germany- reparations

21. League of Nations Senate refuses to ratify Treaty of Versailles bec. of the League. Believed it might get us more involved in wars. Wilson wanted it – believed it would end conflicts; bring peaceful settlement of problems

22-Roaring Twenties Era of changes (social, political, economic) Eco- Easy credit meant people could afford to buy more goods Social – New freedoms/ fashions for women Political- Reduced civil liberties; Red Scare

23. Harlem Renaissance Rebirth of African American culture centered in Harlem, NY in the 1920s Poetry/ literature celebrating African American culture

24. Sacco and Vanzetti Italian immigrants (anarchists) convicted of murder with little evidence. Lessons: Nativism – dislike of immigrants 1920’s Red Scare era- fear of different ideas Civil liberties can be denied due to fears

25. Quotas- Immigration Acts 1921 Restrictions on immigration - fewer from Asia and Eastern Europe. Nativists supported quotas (limits)

26. Scopes (monkey) Trial 1920s- Religious fundamentalism rises Scopes taught about evolution though it was banned

27. Red Scare 1920s Fear communism would spread to USA Fear of people who may support communism Fear of immigrants

28- Red Scare 1950s McCarthyism Cold War era Fear of Communism

29. Dust bowl Drought (no rain) conditions in Great Plains Massive dust storms

30. Farmers in the 1920s Lost farms due to dust bowl Low crop prices Moved West

31-Great Depression Causes: Results: Mechanization -lost jobs High tariffs on imports Easy credit -debt Stock market crash and panic – 1929 Results: High unemployment; banks fail, slow economy; little money to buy goods

32. FDR vs. Hoover Hoover FDR Help business help people Indirect help New Deal Direct help; jobs, loans, aid

33. Hoovervilles Shanty towns People were evicted homeless Lived in shacks

34. The New Deal Purpose- Relief, Recover, Reform Provided jobs, faith in banking Result-Increased size and responsibility of government.

35. WWII causes Germany invades Poland-1939 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor- US enters war in 1941

36. WWII - results During the War Results War leads to more jobs- Depression ends More women working Results Atom bombs dropped on Japan leads to war’s end Now-nuclear age; two superpowers Arms race; Cold War begins

37. Iron Curtain Phrase from Winston Churchill describing the separation between Western (free) Europe and Eastern (communist-controlled) Europe. Post War period

38-Marshall Plan USA sends financial or economic aid to help rebuild Western Europe Keep Europe strong to resist communism

39-Berlin Blockade U.S. helps West Berlin which was blockaded during Cold War

40. Cold War Tensions between US and USSR after WWII Korean War, Vietnam War happened during Cold War 11/9/89 – fall of Berlin Wall – symbolized end of Cold War.

41- containment Foreign policy to stop the spread of communism During the Cold War

42- NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Defensive alliance for the West to provide security to fight the East (Communists) NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

43. McCarthyism Anti-communist Senator McCarthy– 1950s Ruined careers of people accusing them of being communist; people’s rights denied. Red Scare era

44. Korean War 1950s U.N. (with U.S. support) tries to stop communist from spreading to South Korea. Border remains at 38 parallel Containment – Cold War Domino theory

44- Communism Political system of Soviet Union

45- Cuban Missile Crisis JFK success Nearly a nuclear war Soviets had missiles in Cuba (near Florida)

46. Domino theory Fear that communism will spread to neighboring countries especially in Southeast Asia i.e. Korea and Vietnam Led to our involvement in two wars

47. Civil Rights Movement 1950s and 1960s Sought equal rights for African American Used non-violence Leader: Dr. King

48. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Goals Desegregation Equal voting rights Methods Passive resistance Sit-ins; marches, boycotts

49-March on Washington Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr “I Have a Dream” speech highlights inequality and struggles of African Americans

50. Brown Vs. Board of Ed 1954 No more segregation States did not follow this immediately Led to desegregation (integration) of schools and facilities

51- Women’s Rights Movement Goals Career choices Equal pay Equal treatment

52. detente Try to end or ease Cold War tensions Use diplomacy (negotiations)

Essay (60%) Write about the contributions of two individuals discussed in this course. Which people should you choose? Focus on their contributions and how they impacted our nation.

Some examples? Write the names of five people you might write about in your final exam essay. Which ones would best fit the following criteria? Made many contributions (list them) Had an impact on U.S. history (list these impacts)