Timing of xenon-induced delayed postconditioning to protect against spinal cord ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats Y.W. Yang, W.P. Cheng, J.K. Lu,

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Timing of xenon-induced delayed postconditioning to protect against spinal cord ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats Y.W. Yang, W.P. Cheng, J.K. Lu, X.H. Dong, C.B. Wang, J. Zhang, L.Y. Zhao, Z.F. Gao British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 113, Issue 1, Pages 168-176 (July 2014) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet352 Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Experimental protocols. Sprague–Dawley rats underwent a surgical protocol of spinal cord ischaemia/reperfusion. The green box represents the period of ischaemia. Cellular degeneration and necrosis were performed at 48 h after reperfusion. The rats of Group C underwent a 25 min ischaemia followed by a 48 h reperfusion and immediately inhaled 50% (v/v) nitrogen at 60 min of reperfusion. The rats of Groups P0, P1, and P2 were subjected to a 25 min ischaemia followed by a 48 h reperfusion and inhaled 50% (v/v) xenon continuously for 1 h at different time durations (Δt) corresponding to Δt=0, 1, 2 h. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 113, 168-176DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet352) Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 BBB open-field locomotor scales at 4, 24, and 48 h after reperfusion in the five groups. *P<0.05 compared with Group S; +P<0.05 compared with Group C; VP<0.05 compared with Group P0; XP<0.05 compared with Group P2. S, sham group; C, control group; P0, P1, and P2, three xenon postconditioning groups inhaled 50% (v/v) xenon at the initiation of reperfusion, and 1 and 2 h after reperfusion, respectively. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 113, 168-176DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet352) Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Numbers of normal neurones in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in the five groups. *P<0.05 compared with Group S; +P<0.05 compared with Group C; VP<0.05 compared with Group P0; XP<0.05 compared with Group P2. S, sham group; C, control group; P0, P1, and P2, three xenon postconditioning groups inhaled 50% (v/v) xenon at the initiation of reperfusion, and 1 and 2 h after reperfusion, respectively. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 113, 168-176DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet352) Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 TUNEL staining of the spinal cord tissues in Groups S, C, P0, P1, and P2 at 48 h after reperfusion (original magnification ×400). The percentage of TUNEL positive cell at different time points of reperfusion. *P<0.05 compared with Group S; +P<0.05 compared with Group C; VP<0.05 compared with Group P0; XP<0.05 compared with the Group P2. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 113, 168-176DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet352) Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Immunohistochemical localizations of Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt c, and caspase-3 in the spinal cord at 48 h after reperfusion in Groups S, C, P0, P1, and P2 (original magnification ×400; n=10 rats per group). Dyeing positive area/total area of vision at different time points of reperfusion. *P<0.05 compared with Group S; +P<0.05 compared with Group C; VP<0.05 compared with Group P0; XP<0.05 compared with Group P2. S, sham group; C, control group; P0, P1, and P2, three xenon postconditioning groups inhaled 50% (v/v) xenon at initiation of reperfusion, and 1 and 2 h after reperfusion, respectively. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2014 113, 168-176DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet352) Copyright © 2014 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions