Warm Up Objective: Scientists will describe enzymes and what may affect the rate of reactions by analyzing a lab. What is the topic? What will you be doing? Why is this important? How will you know if you have done well?

Warm Up Objective: Scientists will describe enzymes and what may affect the rate of reactions by conducting and analyzing a lab. What is the topic? Enzymes, what may affect rate of reactions What will you be doing? analyzing a lab Why is this important? Understand ourselves—we could not live without enzymes! How will you know if you have done well? Able to describe enzymes and what can affect reaction rates

Part B Substance Apple Potato Yeast Rate of Reaction (0-5) Do all living tissues contain catalase? Claim: Evidence: Reasoning:

Part B Substance Apple Potato Yeast Rate of Reaction (0-5) 1-2 3-4 1-2 3-4 Do all living tissues contain catalase? Claim: Not all living tissues contain catalase. Evidence: Apple-no reaction (0), potato—slight reaction (1- 2), yeast—reaction similar to liver (3-4) Reasoning: Not all living tissues contain catalase. The evidence shows that not all living tissues have catalase. If all living tissues had catalase, the apple would have reacted. Also, living tissues can have differing amounts, since the potato did not react as much as the yeast or liver.

Part C 2. What is the reaction rate for the boiled liver and peroxide? 3. What is the reaction rate for the cold liver/peroxide? What is the reaction rate for the warm liver and peroxide? How does temperature affect the catalase enzyme? Claim: Evidence: Reasoning:

Part C 2. What is the reaction rate for the boiled liver and peroxide? 0 3. What is the reaction rate for the cold liver/peroxide? 0 What is the reaction rate for the warm liver and peroxide? 3-4 How does temperature affect the catalase enzyme? Claim: Temperatures affect how much the catalase enzyme reacts. Evidence: In the extreme temperatures (cold and hot), there was little to no reaction. In warm temperatures and normal temperatures, many bubbles formed. Reasoning: Temperature can affect how well the enzyme works. If the temperature is too hot or too cold, the enzyme does not work as well, as evidenced by the little to no reaction. If the temperature is optimal for the enzyme, it will work well, as evidenced by the bubbles formed.

Part D pH of vinegar = pH of sodium bicarbonate = pH of water = pH of NaOH = Rate of reaction for: Strong acid ___ Acid ___ Neutral ____ Base ___ Strong Base ___ How does pH affect the reaction rate of catalase? Propose a way to refine the experiment to find the exact or optimal pH or temperature of catalase. How does pH affect the activity of enzymes? Claim: Evidence: Reasoning:

Part D pH of vinegar = 2-3 (2.5) pH of sodium bicarbonate = 8-9 (8.4) pH of water = 7 pH of NaOH = 12 Rate of reaction for: Strong acid _0-1 Acid _1-2 Neutral _3-4 Base _2 Strong Base _0-1__ How does pH affect the reaction rate of catalase? Propose a way to refine the experiment to find the exact or optimal pH or temperature of catalase. Use a probe in each test tube to find exact pH or temperature.

Part D (continued) How does pH affect the activity of enzymes? Claim: The activity of enzymes can speed up or slow down dependent on the pH. Evidence: Catalase—more bubbles in neutral or base, few in acid, and little to none in strong acids or bases. Reasoning: The activity of an enzyme depends on the pH. Not all enzymes have the same “optimal pH.” Catalase worked best in neutral or slightly basic solutions, evidenced by the bubbles. When viewing the graphs, the highest point of reaction varied dependent on the enzyme. Therefore, enzymes all have a unique “optimal pH” because reaction rate is a measurement of the enzyme’s activity.

Part E (last page) Bonus! Design an experiment with lactaid to break down milk.

Discussion What can affect enzymes? Why are enzymes necessary? What would happen if enzymes do not work properly?

Macromolecules Write in PENCIL. Work individually or with your group to complete the graphic organizer. Use the word/phrase/picture bank to help you, as necessary.